Table 1.
Characteristics of the study sample
| Characteristic | Grade 5 (n = 513) | Grade 6 (n = 553) | Grade 7 (n = 468) | p for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Covariates | ||||
| Sex | 0.575 | |||
| Male | 236 (46.0) | 248 (44.9) | 207 (44.2) | |
| Female | 277 (54.0) | 305 (55.2) | 261 (55.8) | |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.473 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 88 (17.2) | 99 (17.9) | 81 (17.4) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 182 (35.5) | 195 (35.3) | 153 (32.8) | |
| Hispanic | 239 (46.6) | 255 (46.1) | 229 (49.1) | |
| Other | 4 (0.8) | 4 (0.7) | 3 (0.6) | |
| Eligibility for SBP* | — | |||
| Free/reduced price | 415 (82.8) | — | — | |
| Full price | 86 (17.2) | — | — | |
| Participate in BIC programme# | <0.0001 | |||
| No | 397 (77.4) | 350 (63.3) | 393 (92.3) | |
| Yes | 116 (22.6) | 203 (36.7) | 33 (7.8) | |
| BMI | 0.221 | |||
| Underweight | 10 (2.0) | 9 (1.6) | 9 (1.9) | |
| Healthy weight | 227 (44.8) | 241 (43.6) | 224 (47.9) | |
| Overweight | 108 (21.3) | 119 (21.5) | 105 (22.4) | |
| Obese | 162 (32.0) | 184 (33.3) | 130 (27.8) | |
| BMI percentile, mean (SD) | 73.6 (29.3) | 75.0 (28.0) | 73.9 (27.7) | 0.845 |
| Indicators of latent statuses | ||||
| Breakfast frequency | <0.0001 | |||
| 0 day week | 14 (2.8) | 30 (5.4) | 28 (6.1) | |
| 1–3 days week | 72 (14.1) | 94 (17.0) | 101 (22.0) | |
| 4–5 days week | 78 (15.3) | 89 (16.1) | 78 (17.0) | |
| 6–7 days week | 346 (67.8) | 339 (61.4) | 253 (55.0) | |
| Yesterday’s breakfast location | 0.045 | |||
| Did not eat | 59 (11.6) | 97 (17.6) | 107 (23.1) | |
| Home | 302 (59.5) | 252 (45.7) | 216 (46.7) | |
| School | 85 (16.7) | 138 (25.1) | 86 (18.6) | |
| Both home and school | 62 (12.2) | 64 (11.6) | 54 (11.7) | |
Dashes indicate missing information.
*
Eligibility for free or reduced price school breakfast is set at 130% and 185%, respectively, of the federal poverty line.
#
BIC programme serves universal breakfast to students after the opening bell, in the classroom. BIC, breakfast in the classroom; BMI, body mass index; SBP, School Breakfast Program.