Table 2:
Changes in Impulsivity (NoGo Errors) and Aggression Scores over Time
| Wave 1 | Δ(Wave 2 – W1) | Δ(Wave 3 – W1) | Δ(Wave 4 – W1) | Δ(Wave 5 – W1) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ages 9–10 | Ages 11–13 | Ages 14–15 | Ages 16–18 | Ages 19–20 | |
| μ ± SD | μ (95% CI) | μ (95% CI) | μ (95% CI) | μ (95% CI) | |
| NoGo Errors | |||||
| Head Injury Group | |||||
| None | 44 ± 20 | −6 (−9,−4) | −14 (−16, −12) | −19 (−21, −17) | −27 (−29, −25) |
| Early: Age ≤ 8 | 44 ± 23 | −2 (−7, 4) | *−6 (−11, −2) | −15 (−20, −9) | −25 (−30, −20) |
| Late: Age > 8 | 50 ± 22 | −10 (−16, −4) | M9 (−24, −14) | *−27 (−32, −22) | −32 (−37, −27) |
| Reactive Aggression | |||||
| Head Injury Group | |||||
| None | 0.62 ± 0.32 | 0.00 (−0.03, 0.03) | 0.05 (0.02, 0.08) | −0.02 (−0.05, 0.01) | −0.15 (−0.19, −0.12) |
| Early: Age ≤ 8 | 0.57 ± 0.29 | *0.09 (0.02, 0.17) | *0.14 (0.06, 0.21) | 0.04 (−0.04, 0.12) | −0.08 (−0.18, 0.01) |
| Late: Age > 8 | 0.70 ± 0.34 | −0.01 (−0.09, 0.07) | 0.02 (−0.06, 0.10) | −0.02 (−0.10, 0.07) | −0.20 (−0.30, −0.11) |
| Proactive | |||||
| Aggression | |||||
| Head Injury Group | |||||
| None | 0.07 ± 0.13 | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.01) | 0.04 (0.03, 0.05) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.05) | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.00) |
| Early: Age ≤ 8 | 0.06 ± 0.15 | 0.02 (−0.02, 0.05) | 0.06 (0.03, 0.09) | 0.04 (0.01, 0.08) | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.03) |
| Late: Age > 8 | 0.06 ± 0.10 | 0.03 (−0.01, 0.06) | 0.07 (0.03, 0.10) | 0.07 (0.03, 0.10) | 0.00 (−0.03, 0.04) |
Note: Observed means and standard deviations presented.
μ=Mean, SD=Standard Deviation, CI=Confidence Interval
*
p-value < 0.05 for change from Wave 1 compared to No Head Injury Group. Models adjusted for baseline age, sex, race, and zygosity