Table 1.
Measurements, unit of analysis of indicators, and hypotheses of the TrUST study.
| Measurement | Unit of analysis | Measurement instrument | Impact measurement | Hypotheses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Environmental determinants of health | ||||
| Exposure and inhaled doses of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), equivalent black carbon (eBC), and carbon monoxide (CO) | Transport microenvironments: (1) roadside passenger waiting area of BRT station, (2) main feeder line to the BRT system, (3) regular bus serving each area, 4) a semi-formal public transport vehicle, and 5)TransMicable cabins | DustTrak models 8520 and 8530, TSI Inc. MN, USA, Personal Environmental Monitors (PEM), (SKC Inc. PA, USA), Aethalometers (AE51, MicroAeth, CA, USA) and (DeltaOhm, P37AB1347 SICRAM probe) | Change of mean concentration to pollutants Change of inhaled dose of pollutants. |
Ha: The estimated concentration and inhaled dose of pollutants decrease in the population that changed modal share from motorized vehicles to TransMiCable. |
| Neighborhood perceptions | Individuals in households | TrUST Survey | Change in the mean score of neighborhood perceptions (safety, aesthetics, and satisfaction with the transport system) | Ha: Neighborhood perceptions of safety, and aesthetics and satisfaction with transport improve in the area of influence of TransMiCable when compared to the observed area of San Cristóbal. |
| The proportion of the area that includes recreational and cultural facilities, community centers, and local markets. | 800-m buffer around each of the current and projected TransMiCable in intervention and control areas. | IDECA spatial data of infrastructure | Change in the proportion of area for recreational and cultural facilities, community centers, and local markets | Ha: The proportion of area for recreational and cultural activities increases in the area of TransMiCable compared to the proportion in San Cristóbal. |
| Park quality, occupation and activity level | Two parks in the intervention area and two parks in the control area. | PARA and SOPARC | Change in the quality score of parks (PARA) % change in parks occupation % change in parks activity level |
Ha: The mean PARA score increases in parks in the area of TransMiCable compared to the mean score in San Cristóbal.Ha: The occupation and observed levels of physical activity in the parks of the area of TransMiCable increase compared to the occupation and levels of San Cristóbal. |
| Travel time, costs, demand, and modal share | Individuals in households | TrUST Survey | Change in mean travel time Change in mean travel cost |
Ha: Travel time and cost for trips to work/study destinations decreases when modal share changes from motorized vehicles to TransMiCable. |
| Transport trajectories and activity places | Individuals in households who accepted using MOVES app and/or Muévelo app | MOVES and Muévelo app | Change in the mean number of activity places | Ha: The number of visits to activity places increases in the new users of TransMiCable compared to the number of visits in San Cristóbal. |
| Origin-destination matrix over time in Bogotá | Bogotá, Ciudad Bolívar and San Cristóbal areas. | Fare card data from TransMilenio | Change in OD matrix values | Ha: The percentage of trips to and from the main portal (Tunal) in the area of TransMicable increases after the implementation of the cable. The percentage of trips to and from the main portal (20 de Julio) in the area of San Cristóbal will not change. |
| Transit transport equity | Bogotá metropolitan localities. | Transit Opportunity Index | Change in the TOI values | Ha: The proportion of the TOI (measure of transport access) from and to Ciudad Bolívar after the implementation of TransMicable will increase relative to the TOI of the other localities in the metropolitan area. |
| Social determinants of health | ||||
| Employment and leisure time | Individuals in households | TrUST Survey | Change in the unemployment rate | Ha: The unemployment rate decreases in the area of influence of TransMiCable in comparison to the rate of the observed area of San Cristóbal. |
| Social capital | Individuals in households | TrUST Survey | Change in social capital classes (dimensions: social networks, trust, cooperation, empowerment) | Ha: The classes of social capital with the highest social networks, trust, cooperation, and empowerment dimensions increase in the area of influence of TransMiCable compared to the classes of San Cristóbal. |
| Physical activity | ||||
| Physical activity for transport and leisure time | Individuals in households | TrUST Survey (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) | Change in minutes of physical activity for transport Change in minutes of physical activity for leisure time |
Ha: The mean minutes of leisure-related physical activity increases in the new users of TransMiCable compared to the mean minutes of non-users of TransMicable and the residents of San Cristóbal. Ha: The mean minutes of walking for transport increase in the new users of TransMiCable compared to the mean minutes of non-users of TransMicable and the residents of San Cristóbal. |
| Objective physical activity | Individuals in households for whom we could collect data until December 2018 | ActiGraph GT3X or GT3X+ | Mean minutes change of physical activity | Ha: The mean minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity increase in the new users of TransMiCable compared to the mean minutes of non-users of TransMicable and the residents of San Cristóbal. |
| Health outcomes | ||||
| Health-related quality of life | Individuals in households | TrUST Survey (The WHOQOL-brief instrument) | Mean score change in QOL scores in environmental, physical, social, and psychological domains | Ha: The mean score in QOL increases in the population living in the area of influence of TransMiCable compared to the scores of residents in San Cristóbal. |
| Respiratory diseases | Individuals in households | TrUST Survey and secondary database of SIVIGILA | Change in the number of reported respiratory diseases in <5 years old and >60 years old | Ha: The number of respiratory diseases reported in the population living in the area of influence of TransMiCable decreases compared to the number in residents of San Cristóbal. |
| Crime | Individuals in households | Secondary data from the homicides from the National Police Records | Change in the homicide rate | Ha: The number of homicide rate decreases in the area of influence of TransMiCable compared to the rate in San Cristóbal. |
| Qualitative component | ||||
| The historical context of the intervention | Community leaders | Semi-structured interviews | ||
| Citizen science “by the people” Our voice model | A convenience sample of individuals living in the more distant neighborhoods in Ciudad Bolívar and San Cristóbal | The Stanford Healthy Neighborhood Discovery Tool, and meetings with the community and stakeholders | Ha: Perceptions of the environment change in the area of influence of TransMiCable. | |
All measurements are conducted in intervention and control groups during baseline and 6–10 months after the inauguration of TransMiCable. MOVES app was used on the baseline, and Muévelo was used for follow-up. Semi-structured interviews for assessing the historical context were only conducted at baseline.