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Synthesis, release, and activation of TGF-β signaling via the canonical pathway. ALK5, activin receptor-like kinase 5; ECM, extracellular matrix; EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; EndMT, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition; TβRI, TGF-β receptor type I; TβRII, TGF-β receptor type II.
