Table 6.

Clinical studies of TGF-β inhibitors for treatment of cardiac fibrosis.

Agents	Phase	Study design	Main findings	References
Pirfenidone	II	A double-blind placebo-controlled phase II study in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with left ventricular diastolic function patients (N = 50)	Not available	NCT00011076
Pirfenidone	II	A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase II trial in patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and myocardial fibrosis (N = 129)	Not available	NCT02932566
Tranilast	III	A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trial in 11,484 patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (PRESTO)	Tranilast did not improve the quantitative measures of restenosis	(183)