Table 2.
Number of studies classified by outcome in each factor.
| Number of studies | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | By outcome classification | ||||
| Success (%) | Failure (%) | NA | |||
| Factors related to study design | |||||
| Publication year |
2003– –2002 |
10 | 8 (89) | 1 (11) | 1 |
| 27 | 12 (80) | 3 (20) | 12 | ||
| Study design | Randomized controlled trial | 18 | 11 (79) | 3 (21) | 4 |
| Blind | 13 | 7 | 2 | 4 | |
| Open label | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | |
| Prospective trial | 19 | 9 (90) | 1 (10) | 9 | |
| Study duration | ≥1 year | 14 | 7 (64) | 4 (36) | 3 |
| ≥6 months and <1 year | 14 | 10 (100) | 0 (0) | 4 | |
| <6 months | 7 | 2 (100) | 0 (0) | 5 | |
| NA | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Inclusion criteria: illness stability | Stable condition | 19 | 9 (69) | 4 (31) | 6 |
| Less than a certain score on a scale | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | |
| Longer than a certain period | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |
| ≥3 months | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| <3 months | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Mixed (less than a certain score and longer than a certain period) | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| Unstable condition | 5 | 4 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 | |
| NA | 13 | 7 | 0 | 6 | |
| Inclusion criteria: antipsychotic dose | Stable dose for a certain period | 7 | 2 (100) | 0 (0) | 5 |
| More than a certain dose | 3 | 0 (0) | 2 (100) | 1 | |
| More than a certain dose and period | 15 | 12 (92) | 1 (8) | 2 | |
| NA | 12 | 6 | 1 | 5 | |
| Relapse definition | More than a certain score on a scale | 9 | 5 (57) | 3 (43) | 1 |
| Increase in antipsychotic dose | 4 | 2 (67) | 1 (33) | 1 | |
| Hospitalization | 2 | 2 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 | |
| Mixed (hospitalization or increase in antipsychotic dose) | 4 | 2 (100) | 0 (0) | 2 | |
| NA | 18 | 9 | 0 | 9 | |
| Factors related to patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics | |||||
| Mean age | >40 years | 21 | 14 (100) | 0 (0) | 7 |
| ≤40 years | 13 | 5 (63) | 3 (38) | 5 | |
| NA | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Treatment setting | Outpatients only | 15 | 9 (82) | 2 (18) | 4 |
| Inpatients only | 10 | 5 (100) | 0 (0) | 5 | |
| Mixed (outpatients and inpatients) | 7 | 6 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 | |
| NA | 5 | 0 | 2 | 3 | |
| Mean illness durationa | >10 years | 17 | 8 (100) | 0 (0) | 9 |
| ≤10 years | 7 | 2 (40) | 3 (60) | 2 | |
| NA | 13 | 10 | 1 | 2 | |
| Mean treatment duration | >10 years | 11 | 8 (100) | 0 (0) | 3 |
| ≤10 years | 2 | 0 (0) | 2 (100) | 0 | |
| NA | 24 | 12 | 2 | 10 | |
| Antipsychotics: type | FGAs only | 21 | 10 (83) | 2 (17) | 9 |
| SGAs only | 8 | 4 (80) | 1 (20) | 3 | |
| Mixed (FGAs and SGAs) | 1 | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 | |
| NA | 7 | 5 | 1 | 1 | |
| Antipsychotics: formulation | Oral | 14 | 6 (86) | 1 (14) | 7 |
| LAI | 11 | 4 (67) | 2 (33) | 5 | |
| Mixed (oral and LAI) | 3 | 2 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 | |
| NA | 9 | 8 | 1 | 0 | |
| Antipsychotics: mean CPZE dose | ≥430 mg/day | 22 | 16 (100) | 0 (0) | 6 |
| >600 mg/day | 15 | 9 | 0 | 6 | |
| <430 mg/day | 9 | 2 (67) | 1 (33) | 6 | |
| NA | 6 | 2 | 3 | 1 | |
| Mean symptom severity | >Mild | 14 | 10 (100) | 0 (0) | 4 |
| PANSS total >58 | 9 | 8 | 0 | 1 | |
| BPRS total >31 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | |
| CGI-S >3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| ≤Mild | 10 | 5 (71) | 2 (29) | 3 | |
| PANSS total ≤58 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| BPRS total ≤31 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | |
| CGI-S ≤3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| NA | 13 | 5 | 2 | 6 | |
| Factors related to antipsychotic dose reduction strategy | |||||
| Goal of reduction | % reduction | 17 | 9 (75) | 3 (25) | 5 |
| 50% reduction | 11 | 6 | 2 | 3 | |
| To target dose | 7 | 4 (100) | 0 (0) | 3 | |
| Mixed (% reduction and to target dose) | 1 | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 | |
| To MED for each patient | 6 | 3 (100) | 0 (0) | 3 | |
| NA | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | |
| Actual proportion of reduction | >52% | 11 | 6 (75) | 2 (25) | 3 |
| >80% | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
| ≤52% | 17 | 12 (100) | 0 (0) | 5 | |
| NA | 9 | 2 | 2 | 5 | |
| Antipsychotic dose after reduction (CPZE) | >600 mg/day | 8 | 6 (100) | 0 (0) | 2 |
| >200 mg/day and ≤600 mg/day | 14 | 10 (100) | 0 (0) | 4 | |
| ≤200 mg/day | 8 | 3 (50) | 3 (50) | 2 | |
| NA | 7 | 1 | 1 | 5 | |
| Duration of reduction | >2 month | 21 | 12 (86) | 2 (14) | 7 |
| ≤2 month | 9 | 4 (67) | 2 (33) | 3 | |
| NA | 7 | 4 | 0 | 3 | |
| Speed of reduction | <6.5%/week | 16 | 11 (100) | 0 (0) | 5 |
| ≥6.5%/week | 8 | 4 (67) | 2 (33) | 2 | |
| NA | 13 | 5 | 2 | 6 | |
BPRS Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, CGI-S Clinical Global Impressions – Severity scale, CPZE chlorpromazine equivalent, FGAs first-generation antipsychotics, LAI long-acting injectable, MED minimum effective dose, NA not available, PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, SGAs second-generation antipsychotics
aDuration of illness or since first hospitalization