Table 3.
Effect estimate of each outcome.
| Studies | Participants | Statistics | Effect estimate | Overall effect | Heterogeneity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [95% CI] | P-value | I2 (%) | P-value | ||||
| Relapse/Hospitalization | |||||||
| Relapse (primary outcome) | 13 | 902 | RR | 1.96 [1.23–3.12] | 0.005* | 27 | 0.18 |
| Hospitalization | 5 | 350 | RR | 1.79 [0.60–5.30] | 0.30 | 30 | 0.22 |
| Study discontinuation | |||||||
| due to all causes | 11 | 857 | RR | 1.11 [0.86–1.42] | 0.42 | 0 | 0.54 |
| due to inefficacy | 12 | 914 | RR | 1.36 [0.86–2.14] | 0.19 | 0 | 0.75 |
| due to intolerability | 9 | 797 | RR | 1.17 [0.48–2.82] | 0.73 | 0 | 0.64 |
| Psychopathology | |||||||
| Total | 6 | 668 | SMD | −0.16 [−0.53–0.21] | 0.40 | 80 | 0.0002 |
| Positive symptoms | 6 | 523 | SMD | 0.01 [−0.26–0.29] | 0.92 | 50 | 0.07 |
| Negative symptoms | 5 | 505 | SMD | −0.29 [−0.72–0.13] | 0.18 | 79 | 0.0009 |
| CGI-S | 3 | 473 | SMD | −0.05 [−0.24–0.15] | 0.65 | 9 | 0.33 |
| Adverse effects | |||||||
| SAS | 4 | 444 | SMD | −0.20 [−0.52–0.12] | 0.23 | 55 | 0.08 |
| BARS | 1 | 97 | SMD | 0.04 [−0.36–0.44] | 0.84 | NA | NA |
| AIMS | 1 | 97 | SMD | 0.18 [−0.22–0.58] | 0.38 | NA | NA |
| DIEPSS | 2 | 224 | SMD | −0.36 [−0.87–0.15] | 0.16 | 66 | 0.09 |
| Body weight | 3 | 407 | SMD | −0.00 [−0.20–0.19] | 0.98 | 0 | 0.87 |
| Neurocognition | 2 | 136 | SMD | 0.69 [0.25–1.12] | 0.002* | 34 | 0.22 |
| QOL | 3 | 321 | SMD | 0.07 [−0.15–0.29] | 0.54 | 0 | 0.75 |
AIMS Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale, BARS Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale, CGI-S Clinical Global Impression – Severity scale, DIEPSS Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale, NA not applicable, QOL quality of life, RR risk ratio, SAS Simpson-Angus Scale, SMD standardized mean difference
*P < 0.05 overall effect