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. 2020 Mar 10;8:135. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00135

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Copyright © 2020 Chen, Xu, Yao, Xu, Yuan, Zhang, Lv and Wu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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BMP signaling interacts with different factors in suture-derived stem cells. In cranial sutures, identified and unidentified suture-derived stem cells were exhibited (The number of the labels indicate the population of stem-niche). Dura mater was found expressed BMPs which were required for the calvarial bone development (solid arrow in red). CNC- and mesoderm-derived preosteoblasts expressed BMPs (e.g., BMP2/BMP4), which were needed for the proper shaping of cerebral veins (dotted arrow in pink). Osteoprogenitors released Ihh, which was required by the suture-derived stem cells (e.g., Gli1+), and this process can be mediated by BMP signaling (dotted arrow in red). Besides, BMP mediating Ihh signaling and RANKL can work together to regulate the activities of osteoclasts (dotted arrow in red).