Table 1.
Characteristics of the 146 patients with end-stage renal disease stratified by prevalence of a vertebral fracture on lateral chest radiograph
| No vertebral fracture (n = 96) |
Prevalent vertebral fracture (n = 50) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Demographics and medical history | ||
| Age (years) | 50 ± 13 | 57 ± 12 |
| Male (%) | 58 (60%) | 40 (80%) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.6 ± 4.6 | 26.0 ± 4.4 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 13 (14%) | 5 (10%) |
| Cardiovascular disease (%) | 22 (23%) | 12 (24%) |
| Current smoker (%) | 7 (7%) | 8 (16%) |
| History of kidney disease | ||
| Dialysis duration (months) | 21 (11–48) | 38 (19–70) |
| Previous transplantation (%) | 20 (21%) | 16 (32%) |
| Parathyroidectomy (%) | 4 (4%) | 5 (10%) |
| Cause of end-stage renal disease (%) | ||
| Cystic kidney disease | 16 (17%) | 11 (22%) |
| Interstitial nephritis | 2 (2%) | 2 (4%) |
| Glomerulonephritis | 27 (28%) | 11 (22%) |
| Vascular disease | 18 (19%) | 14 (28%) |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 6 (6%) | 3 (6%) |
| Other | 13 (14%) | 5 (10%) |
| Unknown | 14 (15%) | 4 (8%) |
| Dialysis treatment (%) | ||
| Hemodialysis | 68 (71%) | 40 (80%) |
| Peritoneal dialysis | 28 (29%) | 10 (20%) |
| Medication use at inclusion* | ||
| Corticosteroids (%) | 10 (10%) | 8 (16%) |
| Calcium-containing phosphate binders (%) | 30 (36%) | 11 (26%) |
| Vitamin D analogues (%) | 64 (77%) | 32 (74%) |
| Cinacalcet (%) | 10 (12%) | 13 (30%) |
| Laboratory parameters | ||
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.34 ± 0.14 | 2.35 ± 0.13 |
| Phosphate (mmol/L) | 1.36 ± 0.54 | 1.32 ± 0.48 |
| Parathyroid hormone (pmol/L) | 17 (10–34) | 18 (9–49) |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 3 (2–6) | 3 (2–9) |
| Total alkaline phosphatase (IU/L) | 83 (69–114) | 73 (59–96) |
| Bone mineral density and vertebral fracture | ||
| Vertebral bone mineral density (mg/cm3) | 139 ± 41 | 120 ± 44 |
| Number of vertebral fractures (%) | ||
| One | – | 27 (54%) |
| Two | – | 14 (28%) |
| Three | – | 7 (14%) |
| Four | – | 2 (4%) |
| Highest vertebral fracture grade (%) | ||
| Grade 1 | – | 32 (64%) |
| Grade 2 | – | 16 (32%) |
| Grade 3 | - | 2 (4%) |
Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range) or percentage
*Data on medication use (except for corticosteroid use) were available in 126 patients