Skip to main content
. 2020 Mar 10;11:140. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00140

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Effect of individual amino acids on development of mouse embryos cultured in isosmotic (270 mOsm/kg) medium at LD (Ai–iii) and HD (Bi–iii). Zygotes (20–22 h post-hCG) were cultured for 5 days in the absence of amino acids (no a.a.) or in the presence of 1 mM L-Gln, 400 μM L-Pro, 400 μM D-Pro, 400 μM Gly, 400 μM L-Ala or 1 mM Betaine (Bet). (i) Percentage of zygotes that developed to the blastocyst stage. (ii) Percentage of hatching blastocysts. (iii) Cell numbers in blastocysts (mean ± SEM, n = 25–94). Embryos were analyzed from at least three independent biological replicates, each with at least 15 embryos per treatment. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 indicates significant differences from the no amino acid control, analyzed by either Chi-squared test (Ai,ii, Bi,ii) or one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test (Aiii, Biii).