Table 3.
Primary and secondary trial outcomes, unadjusted and adjusted outcomes
| WfWI economic and social empowerment intervention | Control | OR/unadjusted coefficient (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted OR/coefficient (95% CI)* | P value | |||
| Number of participants (n=673 full sample; n=441 currently married) | Mean or percentage | Number of participants (n=537 full sample; n=350 currently married) | Mean or percentage | |||||
| Primary outcomes | ||||||||
| Past year experience of physical IPV among currently married women | 424 | 23.8 | 331 | 26.6 | 0.86 (0.62 to 1.2) | 0.385 | 0.88 (0.62 to 1.23) | 0.447 |
| Past year experience of severe physical IPV among currently married women | 424 | 14.9 | 331 | 19.6 | 0.71 (0.49 to 1.05) | 0.084 | 0.75 (0.50 to 1.11) | 0.15 |
| Women’s past week depressive symptoms | 672 | 15.1 | 537 | 15.5 | −0.39 (−1.24 to 0.47) | 0.374 | −0.35 (−1.19 to 0.48) | 0.406 |
| Secondary outcomes | ||||||||
| Experiences of violence, gender attitudes and practices | ||||||||
| Past year emotional IPV among currently married women | 424 | 32.3 | 331 | 35.1 | 0.88 (0.65 to 1.20) | 0.43 | 0.87 (0.64 to 1.18) | 0.381 |
| Perceptions of husband cruelty among currently married women | 423 | 14.2 | 331 | 14.4 | −0.16 (−0.49 to 0.16) | 0.325 | −0.16 (−0.49 to 0.16) | 0.325 |
| Women’s gender attitudes | 673 | 23.0 | 537 | 23.9 | −0.89 (−1.15 to −0.62) | <0.001 | −0.89 (−1.15 to −0.62) | <0.001 |
| Married women’s participation in household decision-making | 417 | 11.0 | 323 | 10.5 | 0.32 (−0.04 to 0.69) | 0.081 | 0.35 (−0.04 to 0.74) | 0.078 |
| Travel outside of province (past year) | 117 | 17.4 | 57 | 10.6 | 1.77 (1.26 to 2.49) | 0.001 | 1.78 (1.27 to 2.50) | 0.001 |
| Mother-in-law and sibling abuse | 673 | 13.9 | 537 | 13.8 | 1.00 (0.69 to 1.45) | 0.987 | 1.01 (0.69 to 1.47) | 0.975 |
| Perceptions of mother-in-law cruelty | 249 | 14.5 | 208 | 14.3 | 0.19 (-0.29 to 0.67) | 0.449 | 0.06 (−0.48 to 0.60) | 0.827 |
| Livelihoods | ||||||||
| Household food insecurity in past 4 weeks | 673 | 5.4 | 537 | 5.9 | −0.47 (−0.85 to −0.10) | 0.013 | −0.48 (−0.85 to −0.12) | 0.01 |
| Women’s monthly income (log transform tobit model)† | 673 | 247.8 | 537 | 177.9 | 3.79 (0.93 to 6.64) | 0.009 | 3.79 (0.96 to 6.61) | 0.009 |
| Women’s total savings (log transform tobit model)† | 673 | 527 | 537 | 84 | 11.84 (9.98 to 13.7) | <0.001 | 11.79 (9.95 to 13.64) | <0.001 |
| Financial shock resilience | 673 | 66.0 | 537 | 64.4 | 1.07 (0.84 to 1.36) | 0.576 | 1.05 (0.83 to 1.34) | 0.678 |
| Mental health | ||||||||
| Life satisfaction | 673 | 14.9 | 537 | 14.8 | 0.10 (−0.10 to 0.31) | 0.327 | 0.09 (−0.12 to 0.29) | 0.395 |
*Adjusted for baseline term and age.
†Only adjusting for age.
IPV, intimate partner violence; WfWI, Women for Women International.