Summary of findings for the main comparison. Inhaled corticosteroids versus no treatment or placebo for transient tachypnoea of the newborn.
| Inhaled corticosteroids versus no treatment or placebo for transient tachypnoea of the newborn | ||||||
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Patient or population: infants with transient tachypnoea of the newborn
Settings: one study ‐ conducted at three neonatal intensive care units in Israel (period: 2012 to 2016)
Intervention: inhaled corticosteroids Comparator: placebo | ||||||
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | No of Participants (studies) | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
| Placebo | Inhaled corticosteroids | |||||
| Need for nasal continuous positive airway pressure | Study population | RR 1.27 (0.65 to 2.51) | 49 (1 study) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low1,2 | ||
| 360 per 1000 | 457 per 1000 (234 to 904) | |||||
| Medium risk population | ||||||
| 360 per 1000 | 457 per 1000 (234 to 904) | |||||
| Need for mechanical ventilation | Study population | RR 0.52 (0.05 to 5.38) | 49 (1 study) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low1,2 | ||
| 80 per 1000 | 0 per 1000 (4 to 430) | |||||
| Medium risk population | ||||||
| 80 per 1000 | 0 per 1000 (4 to 430) | |||||
| Duration of hospital stay (days) | The mean duration of hospital stay in the intervention groups was 2.6 days lower (6.43 lower to 1.23 higher) | 49 (1 study) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low1,3 | |||
| Duration of tachypnoea | Not measured | Not measured | Not estimable | 0 (0) | No applicable | Duration of tachypnoea not measured |
| Persistent pulmonary hypertension | Not measured | Not measured | Not estimable | 0 (0) | No applicable | Persistent pulmonary hypertension not measured |
| Hyperglycaemia | Not measured | Not measured | Not estimable | 0 (0) | No applicable | Hyperglycemia not measured |
| Gastrointestinal bleed | Not measured | Not measured | Not estimable | 0 (0) | No applicable | Gastrointestinal bleed not measured |
| *The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: Confidence interval; RR: Risk ratio | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate. | ||||||
1 We did not downgrade the evidence for risk of bias, inconsistency, or publication bias. As only one study was included, the test for heterogeneity was not applicable. 2 Downgraded by two levels for imprecision: only one study; few events. Downgraded by one level for indirectness 3 Downgraded by two levels for imprecision: only one study; confidence intervals crossing 0. Downgraded by one level for indirectness