Table 2.
A summary of the most relevant literature on bio-based polymers.
| Author, Year | Polymer | Composite | Structure | Cells/Animals | Signaling Molecules | Evaluations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carstens et al., 2005 [48] | collagen | - | sponge | porcine | rhBMP-2 | mandibular bone defect |
| Yeo et al., 2011 [51] | collagen | βTCP, PCL | nanofiber | MG-63 osteoblast-like cell | - | MTT assay |
| Sotome et al., 2016 [16] | collagen | HA | sponge | human | - | marketed product |
| Yokota et al., 2001 [56] | gelatin | PLGA | sponge | Fischer rat | rhBMP-2 | ectopic bone |
| Hokugo et al., 2005 [57] | gelatin | - | hydrogel | rabbit | PRP | ulnar bone defect |
| Rohanizadeh et al., 2008 [58] | gelatin | - | sponge | MG-63 osteoblast-like cell | - | ALP activity, entry of cells |
| Chakraborty et al., 2019 [62] | cellulose | - | nanofiber | MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell | - | MTT assay, SEM |
| Sharifi et al., 2018 [(66] | chitosan | PCL | nanofiber | MG-63 osteoblast-like cell | - | MTT assay |
| Liu et al., 2013 [67] | chitosan | HA | nanofiber | BMSC SD rat | BMSC | ALP stain cranial bone defect |
| Yan et al., 2018 [70] | hyaluronic acid | - | hydrogel | SD rat | rhBMP-2 | ectopic bone |
| Paidikondala et al., 2019 [71] | hyaluronic acid | hydrazone | hydrogel | SD rat | rhBMP-2 | ectopic bone |
rhBMP-2: recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein, TCP: tricalcium phosphate, PCL: polycaprolactone, MTT assay: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, HA: hydroxyapatite, PLGA: polylactic-co-glycolic acid, PRP: platelet-rich plasma, ALP: alkaline phosphatase, SEM: scanning electron microscopy, BMSC: bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell.