Table 2.

Outcome variables and methods used to collect data to address research question 1.

Variable	Description	Collection method
Dosagepill a	The number of pills taken by participants in a period divided by the number of pills expected to be taken for that perioda	Pill counting
DosageMAD b	The number of medication episodes reported as taken by participants in a period divided by the number of episodes expected to be recorded for that period	MAD’sc log
Timelyd	Indicates whether the medication was taken 30 min before or after the time expected to take the medication. This is the number of medication episodes registered in the time window during a period divided by the number of episodes registered as taken for that period	MAD’s log
Self-reported medication adherencee	A score estimated based on reported nonadherent behaviors; for example, drug omissions, medication forgetting, carelessness, or stopping a medication when feeling worse [28].	8-item Medication Adherence Questionnaire

^aIt measures whether the medication is not being taken as prescribed, which may affect the clinical outcome. We estimated it for both groups (treatment group and control group).

^bIt enabled us to understand how much older adults used the MAD reminders. It was estimated for the treatment group.

^cMAD: Medication Ambient Display.

^dIt measures whether doses were taken during the prescribed interval. It was estimated for the treatment group.

^eIt is an assessment instrument to identify individuals’ perception about their medication adherence. The 8-item Medication Adherence Questionnaire was administered during the recruitment phase and at the end of the intervention phase.