Table 1.

Effect of sowing date, cultivar, photoperiod and temperature treatments on garlic plant morphological traits, bulb characteristics, bulbing index and growth period.

Treatment	Plant Height (cm)	Fresh Weight (g)	Pseudostem Diameter (mm)	Bulb Diameter (mm)	Bulb Weight (g)	Bulb Height (mm)	Bulbing Index	Growth Period (Day)
Sowing date (dd.mm. y)
01/08/2018	104.1 ± 14.7a	71.25 ± 16.05a	24.5 ± 5.4a	65.7 ± 7.8a	41.09 ± 5.75a	45.6 ± 5.8a	2.75 ± 0.37b	62.5 ± 12.9c
01/09/2018	88.1 ± 15.8b	48.35 ± 12.93b	19.6 ± 2.7b	56.0 ± 7.9b	32.42 ± 5.53b	41.5 ± 5.7b	2.87 ± 0.32a	68.6 ± 15.5b
01/10/2018	64.6 ± 13.8c	31.10 ± 10.22c	15.6 ± 1.9c	44.3 ± 6.5c	28.13 ± 5.53c	31.1 ± 8.8c	2.88 ± 0.52a	81.0 ± 23.1a
Cultivar
G103	93.1 ± 20.8a	55.39 ± 20.78a	22.6 ± 7.5a	59.9 ± 10.5a	34.87 ± 7.60a	41.4 ± 9.0a	2.82 ± 0.55b	68.4 ± 18.5c
G024	73.5 ± 19.4c	44.78 ± 19.34c	17.4 ± 2.1c	49.9 ± 10.9c	34.55 ± 6.73b	37.4 ± 9.0c	2.85 ± 0.36a	71.3 ± 20.5b
G2011-5	90.2 ± 20.2b	50.54 ± 21.87b	19.8 ± 2.3b	56.2 ± 10.6b	32.23 ± 8.61c	39.4 ± 9.2b	2.83 ± 0.30b	72.3 ± 18.7a
Photoperiod (light/dark)
10/14 h	74.3 ± 17.3c	36.69 ± 14.78c	18.8 ± 4.8c	50.1 ± 10.0c	29.12 ± 6.63c	32.9 ± 6.8c	2.72 ± 0.42c	91.7 ± 15.5a
12/12 h	83.6 ± 18.6b	50.35 ± 19.36b	19.8 ± 5.3b	54.5 ± 11.2b	33.12 ± 6.41b	38.7 ± 9.2b	2.82 ± 0.43b	67.0 ± 10.0b
14/10 h	99.0 ± 22.1a	63.66 ± 19.58a	21.1 ± 5.1a	61.4 ± 10.1a	39.40 ± 6.53a	46.6 ± 5.2a	2.97 ± 0.34a	53.4 ± 5.0c
Temperature (light/dark)
25/18 °C	82.1 ± 21.1b	46.35 ± 21.25b	19.1 ± 4.3b	52.8 ± 10.7b	32.13 ± 7.72b	37.2 ± 9.1b	2.81 ± 0.43b	74.3 ± 19.8a
30/20 °C	89.1 ± 22.2a	54.12 ± 20.30a	20.7 ± 5.8a	57.8 ± 11.6a	35.63 ± 7.43a	41.6 ± 8.8a	2.86 ± 0.39a	67.0 ± 18.1b
F-test
Sown date (D)	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
Cultivar (C)	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
Photoperiod (L)	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
Temperature (T)	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***

Different letters indicate significant differences between means within columns at p < 0.05 by a Tukey HSD (Honest Significant Difference) test. *** p < 0.001, means ± SD.