Raghunandan 2010.

Methods	A 3‐arm parallel RCT but only 2 arms of the trial were relevant
Participants	50 postmenopausal women with urogenital and sexual dysfunction Age (mean, SD): Group A: 52.16 (7.53); Group B: 51.60 (5.66) Inclusion criteria: postmenopausal women in the age group of 40–65 years with symptoms of urogenital and sexual dysfunction, who have undergone spontaneous amenorrhoea at least 12 months prior to screening or have undergone surgical menopause at least 6 weeks prior, were included in the study. Urogenital disorders included vaginal atropy, vulvitis, urethritis, dyspareunia, recurrent urinary tract infections, and urinary incontinence symptoms. Sexual dysfunction disorders included sexual pain disorder or a problem with sexual desire, arousal, or orgasm that causes distress Exclusion criteria: women with any known contraindication to HRT as well as those using any hormonal product within 6 weeks of screening visit were excluded from the study
Interventions	Group A: local oestrogen cream (n = 25). 25 women were given Premarin cream preparation locally once daily application of 1 gm of cream containing 0.625 mg of conjugated equine oestrogen for 2 weeks followed by twice weekly application for further 10 weeks Group B: non‐hormonal lubricant (n = 25). 25 women were given non‐hormonal lubricant gel locally, once‐daily application of 1 g of gel for 2 weeks followed by twice weekly application for further 10 weeks
Outcomes	Adverse event (total events)
Notes	Most outcome data were reported in non‐usable form e.g. mean percentage, etc.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information on randomisation process
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information on method used in allocation concealment
Blinding (performance bias)	Unclear risk	No information was reported on performance bias
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information was reported on the blinding of outcome assessor
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	It was stated that "All women analyzed at completion of 12 weeks of therapy"
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All the outcomes specified in the methods section ware reported
Other bias	Low risk	"All the study parameters in study groups 1 and 2 and in the control group were comparable with each other at the initiation of therapy"