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. 2020 Feb 21;12(2):186. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020186

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Up-take and differentiation levels of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) after vehicles administration. (A) Uptake studies of liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles. Liposomes containing 3,3′-Dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate dissolved in chloroform (1mg/mL) (DOiC)18 (green) and mimic-Red (red), nanoparticles containing Coumarin (green) and mimic-Red (red) and EVs labelled with CM-DiL (red) are shown. Dapi (blue) was used to stain nucleus. Individual cells are imaged by confocal fluorescence microscopy of representative samples. (B) Percentage of OPCs that are able to take up each vehicle. Liposomes are the most efficient vehicle followed by polymeric nanoparticles and finally EVs. (C) Expression levels (expressed as de logarithm 2 of the fold change; Log2FC) of myelin related genes in OPC cultures treated with each vehicle compared to the same empty vehicle. EVs are the only vehicle able to induce OPC differentiation. Note the lack of PDGFRa and NG2 data in liposomes due to technical problems.