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. 2020 Feb 21;12(2):186. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020186

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Intranasal administration of miR-219a-5p enriched exosomes promotes myelin regeneration. (A) Clinical evaluation of animals treated with non-enriched extracellular vesicles (Ne-EVs) and with miR-219a-5p enriched extracellular vesicles (219-EVs) (100 μg of EVs per dose; animals received two doses at days 2 and 8 after disease induction). 219-EVs treated animals showed a significant decrease in the clinical evaluation after the disease peak (n = 4). (B) MRI of spinal cord of a Ne-EVs treated animal and a 219-EVs treated mouse showing the fractional anisotropy (FA). (C) FA values of a section of the spinal cord of previous animals showing a decrease in FA values when treatment was Ne-EVs, indicating that remyelination is occurring. (D) No significant differences between both groups in pro-inflammatory cytokines were found, indicating that the effect induced by EVs was not related to an anti-inflammatory process.