Table 1.
RNA Used | Malignancy/Disease | Patients Vaccinated | Phase | DC Culturing | Maturation | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Autologous tumor RNA (aT-RNA) | Colorectal ca m | 15 | I | Standard (including FCS) | No | [29] |
Colon ca | 1 | 0 | Standard | TNFα | [30] | |
Renal cell ca m | 10 | I | Standard | No | [31] | |
Pediatric brain tumors | 7 | I | Standard | No | [32] | |
Pediatric neuroblastoma stage IV | 8 | I | Standard | No | [33] | |
Renal cell ca m, ovarian ca | 11 | ns | Standard | MCMM | [34] | |
Melanoma stage IV | 6 | I | Standard (Clinimacs) | TNFα + PGE2 | [35] | |
Renal cell ca m | 21 | II | Standard | TNFα + PGE2 + IFNγ + CD40L-mRNA | [36] | |
Melanoma stage IV | 31 | I/II | Standard | MCMM | [37] | |
aTSC-RNA (tumor stem cells) | Glioblastoma | 7 | I/II | Standard (5 days) | MCMM | [38] |
Allogeneic tumor RNA (3 human cancer cell lines) | Prostate ca | 19 | I/II | Standard | MCMM | [39] |
MAGE-A1- MAGE-A3-, MAGE-C2-, MelanA-, tyrosinase-, and/or gp100-DC-Lamp mRNA | Melanoma stage III and IV | 30 | I * | Standard (6 days) | TriMix or polyIC + CD40L-mRNA | [40] |
MAGE-A3-, MAGE-C2-, tyrosinase-, gp100-DC-Lamp mRNA | Melanoma stage IIIC and IV | 35 | I * | Standard (6 days) | TriMix- mRNA | [41] |
Melanoma stage IIIC and IV | 15 | IB | Standard (6 days) | TriMix-mRNA | [42] | |
Melanoma stage IIIC and IV | 39 | II | Standard (6 days) | TriMix-mRNA | [43] | |
gp100 or tyrosinase mRNA | Melanoma m stage III | 11 | I/II | Standard | MCM + TNFα + PGE2 | [44] |
gp100 and tyrosinase mRNA | Melanoma stage III and IV | 45 | I/II | Standard (5–7 days) | MCM + PGE2 + TNFα | [45] |
Melanoma stage III and IV | 15 | I/II | Standard | TriMix-mRNA | [46] | |
Melanoma stage III and IV | 28 | I/II | Standard | TLR-agonists from conventional vaccines | [47] | |
Uveal melanoma | 23 | I/II | Standard | ns | [48] | |
MelanA, MAGE-A3, gp100, and tyrosinase mRNA | Melanoma m | 12 | I | Standard (5 days) | MCMM | [49] |
hTERT, survivin, and p53 mRNA | Advanced melanoma | 22 | I | Standard | ns | [50] |
MAGE-A3, survivin, BCMA mRNA | Multiple myeloma stage II/III | 12 | I | Standard | MCMM | [51] |
MUC1 and survivin mRNA | Renal cell carcinoma | 28 | I/II | Standard (4 days) | TNFα | [52] |
CEA mRNA | Pancreatic cancer | 3 | ns | Standard | No | [53] |
CEA expressing malignancies | 37 | I/II | Standard | No | [54] | |
Colorectal cancer m | 5 | I/II | Standard | MCMM | [55] | |
PSA mRNA | Prostate cancer m | 13 | I | Standard | No | [56] |
hTERT mRNA, +/− LAMP | Prostate cancer m | 20 | I | Standard | MCMM | [57] |
AML | 21 | II | ns | ns | [58] | |
PSA, PAP, survivin, and hTERT mRNA | Castration-resistant prostate ca | 21 | II | Standard | ns | [59] |
Folat receptor mRNA | Ovarian cancer m | 1 | 0 | Standard | MCMM | [60] |
WT1 mRNA | AML | 10 | I/II | Standard (6 days) | TNFα+ PGE2 | [61] |
Uterine cancer | 6 | I/II | Standard (6 days) | TNFα + IL1ß | [62] | |
Ovarian | 2 | I/II | Standard (6 days) | TNFα + IL1ß | [63] | |
WT1 mRNA +/− DC-Lamp | AML | 20 | II | Standard (6 days) | TNFα+ PGE2 | [64] |
MUC1 mRNA | Pancreatic cancer | 42 | ns | Standard (6 days) | TNFα | [65] |
CMV pp65.LAMP mRNA | Glioblastoma | 12 | I | Standard | MCMM | [66] |
HSP70 | HCV-related hepatocarcinoma | 12 | I | Standard | TNFα | [67] |
CMV pp65 mRNA | Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation | 7 | ns | Standard (6 days clinimacs) | TNFα, PGE2 | [68] |
Glioblastoma | 11 | I | Standard from CD34+ | ns | [69] | |
Glioblastoma | 9 | I | Standard | MCMM | [70] | |
Gag and Nef mRNA | HIV infection | 10 | I/II | Standard (5 days) | MCMM | [71] |
Gag, Vpr, Rev and Nef mRNA | HIV infection | 10 | I/II | Standard | TNFα + IFNγ+ PGE2 + CD40L mRNA | [72] |
HIV infection | 35 | IIB | Standard | TNFa + IFNγ + PGE2 + CD40L-mRNA | [73] | |
Gag-, Tat-, Rev-, and Nef-DC-Lamp mRNA | HIV infection | 17 | I/IIa | Standard (6 days) | MCMM | [74] |
Gag- and Tat-Nef-Rev-DC-Lamp mRNA | HIV infection | 6 | I/II | Standard (clinimacs) | TNFα + PGE2 | [75] |
m: metastatic, ca: cancer, aT-RNA: autologous tumor RNA, aTSC-RNA: autologous tumor stem cell RNA, AML: acute myeloid leukemia, MAGE: melanoma-associated antigen, Lamp: lysosome-associated membrane protein, hTERT: human telomerase reverse transcriptase, BCMA: B-cell maturation antigen, MUC1: mucin 1, CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen, PSA: prostate-specific antigen, PAP: prostatic acid phosphatase, WT1: Wilms Tumor 1, CMV: cytomegalovirus, HSP70: heat-shock protein 70, Gag: HIV group-specific antigen, Vpr: HIV viral protein R, Rev: HIV reverse transcriptase, Nef: HIV negative regulatory factor, Tat: HIV trans-activator of transcription, MCM: monocyte-conditioned medium, MCMM = MCM-mimic (TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, PGE2), Standard = Monocytes cultured in GM-CSF and IL-4 (default = 7 days), ns: not specified, * Specified as: “single center pilot clinical trial”.