Table 2.
Occurrence of DON, DON3G, NIV, and NIV3G in commercial foods.
| Food Group 1/Subgroup | DON | DON3G | NIV | NIV3G | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range | Positive Mean | Range | Positive Mean | Range | Positive Mean | Range | Positive Mean | |
| A | ||||||||
| Beer | 2.0–43.9 | 14.7 (5/20)2 | 4.5–80.3 | 23.3 (6/20) | -5 | 0.0 (0/20) | - | 0.0 (0/20) |
| Rice wine | 6.2 | 6.2 (1/15) | - | 0.0 (0/15) | - | 0.0 (0/15) | - | 0.0 (0/15) |
| B | ||||||||
| Baby formula3 | - | 0.0 (0/16) | 13.5 | 14.0 (1/16) | 16.5–17.9 | 17.0 (3/16) | 9.8 | 10.0 (1/16) |
| Baby formula4 | - | 0.0 (0/11) | - | 0.0 (0/11) | - | 0.0 (0/11) | - | 0.0 (0/11) |
| C | ||||||||
| Barley | 11.7–286.0 | 75.8 (5/15) | 18.0–20.6 | 19.3 (2/15) | 17.3–229.6 | 90.2 (6/15) | 10.4–110.3 | 60.3 (2/15) |
| Barley tea | - | 0.0 (0/6) | - | 0.0 (0/6) | - | 0.0 (0/6) | - | 0.0 (0/6) |
| Breakfast cereal | 5.6–88.6 | 44.0 (4/23) | 5.0–17.0 | 9.7 (4/23) | - | 0.0 (0/23) | - | 0.0 (0/23) |
| Brown rice | - | 0.0 (0/22) | - | 0.0 (0/22) | 47.4 | 47.4 (1/22) | - | 0.0 (0/22) |
| Buckwheat | - | 0.0 (0/5) | - | 0.0 (0/5) | - | 0.0 (0/5) | - | 0.0 (0/5) |
| Canned corn | - | 0.0 (0/4) | - | 0.0 (0/4) | - | 0.0 (0/4) | - | 0.0 (0/4) |
| Foxtail millet | 18.8–1018.4 | 214.8 (6/11) | 56.2–93.6 | 74.9 (2/11) | 27.4–370.8 | 151.8 (5/11) | 56.2–164.1 | 110.2 (2/11) |
| Glutinous rice | - | 0.0 (0/7) | - | 0.0 (0/7) | - | 0.0 (0/7) | - | 0.0 (0/7) |
| Job’s tears | 22.6–751.4 | 306.3 (9/11) | 6.6–26.4 | 15.9 (7/11) | 12.6–337.6 | 133.8 (10/11) | 7.6–39.2 | 14.6 (7/11) |
| Maize | 445.0 | 445.0 (1/12) | 56.3 | 56.3 (1/12) | 51.3 | 51.3 (1/12) | - | 0.0 (0/12) |
| Oat | - | 0.0 (0/11) | - | 0.0 (0/11) | 23.5 | 23.5 (1/11) | 33.5 | 33.5 (1/11) |
| Scorched rice | - | 0.0 (0/5) | - | 0.0 (0/5) | - | 0.0 (0/5) | - | 0.0 (0/5) |
| Sorghum | 18.9–711.7 | 119.0 (12/12) | 10.4–43.4 | 18.8 (5/12) | 4.6–145.8 | 54.3 (11/12) | 11.5–14.8 | 13.2 (2/12) |
| Wheat | - | 0.0 (0/13) | - | 0.0 (0/13) | 211.9 | 211.9 (1/13) | 250.6 | 250.6 (1/13) |
| White rice | - | 0.0 (0/17) | - | 0.0 (0/17) | - | 0.0 (0/17) | - | 0.0 (0/17) |
| D | ||||||||
| Cheonggukjang | - | 0.0 (0/15) | 7.5 | 7.5 (1/15) | - | 0.0 (0/15) | - | 0.0 (0/15) |
| Chunjang | 19.0–36.5 | 23.0 (7/15) | 7.1–9.9 | 8.0 (8/15) | 83.8 | 83.8 (1/15) | 54.5 | 54.5 (1/15) |
| Gochujang | 4.7–32.2 | 16.0 (4/15) | 6.7 | 6.7 (1/15) | 16.0–89.9 | 29.0 (9/15) | 8.5–120.2 | 34.0 (5/15) |
| Mixed paste | 7.7–8.2 | 8.0 (2/15) | 4.7 | 4.7 (1/15) | 15.9–100.6 | 35.0 (6/15) | 12.8–16.3 | 14.0 (3/15) |
| Mungbean | - | 0.0 (0/10) | - | 0.0 (0/10) | - | 0.0 (0/10) | - | 0.0 (0/10) |
| Pea | - | 0.0 (0/10) | - | 0.0 (0/10) | - | 0.0 (0/10) | - | 0.0 (0/10) |
| Red bean | 4.9–9.6 | 8.0 (3/15) | 9.4 | 9.4 (1/15) | 17.2 | 17.2 (1/15) | - | 0.0 (0/15) |
| Soybean | 15.7 | 15.7 (1/15) | 9.6 | 9.6 (1/15) | - | 0.0 (0/15) | - | 0.0 (0/15) |
| Soybean paste | 11.1–16.5 | 14.0 (2/15) | - | 0.0 (0/15) | - | 0.0 (0/15) | - | 0.0 (0/15) |
| Soymilk | - | 0.0 (0/11) | - | 0.0 (0/11) | 10.6 | 10.6 (1/10) | - | 0.0 (0/11) |
| Soy sauce | - | 0.0 (0/15) | - | 0.0 (0/15) | 21.8 | 21.8 (1/15) | - | 0.0 (0/15) |
| Tofu | - | 0.0 (0/10) | - | 0.0 (0/10) | - | 0.0 (0/10) | - | 0.0 (0/10) |
| E | ||||||||
| Kalguksu | - | 0.0 (0/4) | - | 0.0 (0/4) | - | 0.0 (0/4) | - | 0.0 (0/4) |
| Noodle | 10.1 | 10.1 (1/15) | - | 0.0 (0/15) | - | 0.0 (0/15) | - | 0.0 (0/15) |
| Ramen | 28.3–97.3 | 61.4 (3/22) | - | 0.0 (0/22) | - | 0.0 (0/22) | - | 0.0 (0/22) |
| Spaghetti | - | 0.0 (0/16) | - | 0.0 (0/16) | - | 0.0 (0/16) | - | 0.0 (0/10) |
| F | ||||||||
| Biscuit, cookie | - | 0.0 (0/11) | 0.0 | 0.0 (0/11) | 0.0 | 0.0 (0/11) | - | 0.0 (0/11) |
| Popcorn | - | 0.0 (0/4) | 0.0 | 0.0 (0/4) | 68.7 | 68.7 (1/4) | - | 0.0 (0/4) |
| Snack | 25.7–36.1 | 30.9 (2/37) | 0.0 | 0.0 (0/37) | 0.0 | 0.0 (0/37) | - | 0.0 (0/37) |
| Total | 2.0–1018.4 | 101.9 (68/506) | 4.5–93.6 | 22.9 (41/506) | 4.6–370.8 | 77.1 (59/506) | 7.6–250.6 | 33.4 (25/506) |
1. A: alcoholic beverages, B: baby foods, C: cereals and cereal based products, D: legumes and legumes-based products, E: noodles, F: snacks. 2 Values in parentheses indicate the number of positive/total samples, 3 Cereal-based baby food. 4 Milk-based baby food. 5 Not detected (below LOD).