Figure 2.

Treatment with p-cresylsulfate (PCS) decreases transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were grown on fibronectin-coated Transwell insert membranes (0.4 μm pore) for 48 h and treated with PCS for 48 or 72 h. The control group was treated with medium only. TEER was measured using a Millicell ERS-2 voltohmmeter (Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA) before PCS treatment and at the end of the experiment at 2 or 3 days. Resistance values [mean ± SD; n = 8 per group in the 48-h experiment (A); n = 10 per group in the 72-h experiment (B)] were normalized as the ratio of measured resistance to mean controls before receiving PCS treatment. *Significant difference (p < 0.05) as compared with controls.