Fig. 2.

Effects of FD extracts on a) VCAM-1, b) ICAM-1, c) E-selectin, d) IL-6 protein expression in LPS-stimulated HCAEC. Before incubation, protein expression in the media was measured by ELISA. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). Statistical analysis: ANOVA, post-hoc with Bonferroni correction; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 compared to HCAEC incubated with LPS alone. Abbreviation: UNT (untreated), LPS (lipopolysaccharide), FDT (FD var. trengganuensis), FDK (FD var. kunstleri), FDD (FD var. deltoidea), FDI (FD var. intermedia)