Table 1.
Summary characteristics of included studies
| Sl No. | Study ID | Country | Intervention- Herbal | Control | Index used* | Average Score of Quality of study | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plaque | Gingival | ||||||
| TOOTHPASTE STUDIES | |||||||
| 1 | Abhishek 2015 | India | Azadirachta indica | non-herbal | PSL | GLS | 16 |
| 2 | Al-Kholani 2011 | Yemen | camomile | conventional | – | GLS | 9 |
| 3 | Amoain 2010 | Iran | calendula | placebo | PSL | GLS | 17 |
| 4 | Amrutesh 2010 | India | vaikrantha | fluoride | PSL | GLS | 17 |
| 5 | George 2009 | India | camomile | fluoride | TQH | GLS | 19 |
| 6 | Gupta 2012 | India | salvadora persica | conventional | TQH | – | 21 |
| 7 | Habashneh 2017 | Jordan | camomile | fluoride | TQH | GLS | 14 |
| 8 | Mohire 2010 | India | chitosan | placebo | PSL | – | 6 |
| 9 | Olivera 2008 | Brazil | Aloe vera | fluoride | PSL | GLS | 19 |
| 10 | Ozaki 2008 | Brazil | camomile | fluoride | TQH | GLS | 21 |
| 11 | Rao 2008 | India | pumica granatum | fluoride | TQH | GLS | 15 |
| 12 | Tatikonda 2014 | India | azadirachta indica | fluoride | TQH | GLS | 16 |
| 13 | Estafan 1998 | USA | calendula | fluoride | PSL | GLS | 10 |
| 14 | Pereira 2013 | Brazil | lippia sidiodes | placebo | TQH | – | 17 |
| 15 | Pradeep 2012 | India | aloe vera | placebo | TQH | GLS | 18 |
| MOUTHRINSE STUDIES | |||||||
| 16 | Charles 2004 | USA | essential oils | chlorhexidine | TQH | GLS | 16 |
| 17 | Jain 2017 | India | licorice | chlorhexidine | TQH | GLS | 9 |
| 18 | Lauten 2005 | USA | maleluca | chlorhexidine | PSL | GLS | 13 |
| 19 | Pourabbas 2005 | Iran | camomile | chlorhexidine | TQH | GLS | 15 |
| 20 | Ratika 2014 | India | azadirachta indica | chlorhexidine | PSL | GLS | 16 |
| 21 | Ratika [2] 2014 | India | mango | chlorhexidine | PSL | GLS | 16 |
| 22 | Shetty 2013 | India | azadirachta indica | chlorhexidine | TQH | GLS | 19 |
| 23 | Vangipuram 2016 | India | aloe vera | chlorhexidine | PSL | GLS | 21 |
| 24 | Weijden 1998 | Netherlands | juniper | placebo | PSL | GLS | 19 |
* PSL = Silness and Loe plaque index TQH = Turesky-Gilmore modification of Quigley Hein plaque index GLS = Loe and Silness gingival index
# Quality of score assessment: No risk – 3, Unclear risk – 1, High risk – 0 (sum of each of the seven biases were taken)