Table 3.

Intervention components

Intervention components: BCTs and procedures
Intervention phases/materials	Theory-based behaviour change methods	Delivery informed by	Behavior Change Techniques (BCTs)- labelled from the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy (v1) of 93 hierarchically clustered techniques	Intervention format Face to face, group exercise sessions, group + individual discussion sessions	Intervention provider Physiotherapist trained in behaviour change techniques	Duration of intervention 6 weeks	Frequency of intervention One per week	Context within which intervention was delivered Rural primary health care centre
Education/ Patient and Physiotherapist booklets	MI	MI	Shaping knowledge (instruction on how to perform a behaviour, re-attribution), Natural consequences (Information about health consequences)
Mapping of existing illness perceptions/ Physiotherapist booklet	Improving physical and emotional states	CBT	Natural consequences (Monitoring of emotional consequences - by self Monitoring of functional consequencesa - by self)
Challenging maladaptive illness perceptions/ Physiotherapist booklet	Improving physical and emotional states	CBT	Natural consequences (Information about emotional consequences Information about functional consequencesa
Formulation of alternative illness perceptions and associated behaviours/ Patient and Physiotherapist booklets	Improving physical and emotional states	CBT	Natural consequences (Information about emotional consequences) Self-belief (Verbal persuasion about capability), Natural consequences (Information about functional consequences)a
Practising the alternative (desired) behaviour (exercises and good posture) in a supervised session/ Patient and Physiotherapist booklets	Guided practice, Goal setting	MI	Shaping Knowledge (Instruction on how to perform a behaviour), Self-belief (Verbal persuasion about capability), Repetition and substitution (Behavioural practice/rehearsal, Habit formation)
Testing of alternative illness perceptions and associated behaviours/ Patient booklet	Guided practice, Self-monitoring of behaviour, Set graded tasks, Planning coping responses	CBT	Shaping knowledge behavioural experiments) Social support Social support (unspecified), Antecedents (Restructuring the social environment, Restructuring the physical environment) Feedback and monitoring (Self-monitoring of behaviour, Self-monitoring of outcome(s) of behaviour)

MI Motivational interviewing, CBT Cognitive behavioural therapy

^aabsent in the 93 BCT