Fig. 4.

Quantification of steady-streaming velocities. Steady-streaming within the spinal SAS increases with Neurapheresis therapy compared to lumbar drain. a Coronal view of cyclic mean z-velocity profiles, $U_{z\text{-}mean}$, in the cranial SAS is nearly identical for Neurapheresis therapy and lumbar drain. b Sagittal view of cyclic mean z-velocity profiles, $U_{z\text{-}mean}$, simulated by CFD for lumbar drain (left) and Neurapheresis therapy (right). c Steady-streaming velocity magnitude, $U_{\mathit{ss}}$, and d non-dimensional fraction of flow rate amplitude, $Q_{\mathit{ss}}$