Table 2.
Hip extension and flexion comparisons of MVC, torque steadiness and torque accuracy at relative and absolute target torque levels
| Hip extension | Hip flexion | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strength | ||||
| MVC (Nm) | 105.7 ± 29.1 | 100.0 ± 33.0 | M: | 0.007 |
| Torque steadiness | ||||
| Standard deviation (Nm) | ||||
| 5% MVCa | 0.42 ± 0.40 | 0.20 ± 0.07 | L: | <0.001 |
| 25% MVCb | 0.76 ± 0.36 | 0.52 ± 0.29 | M: | 0.001 |
| 50% MVCb | 1.64 ± 0.93 | 1.39 ± 0.76 | L × M: | 0.847 |
| 25 Nm | 0.72 ± 0.50 | 0.52 ± 0.18 | M: | 0.001 |
| Coefficient of variation (%) | ||||
| 5% MVCa | 9.99 ± 15.12* | 4.34 ± 1.87 | L: | 0.001 |
| 25% MVCb | 3.00 ± 1.52 | 2.12 ± 0.95 | M: | 0.008 |
| 50% MVCb | 3.25 ± 1.82 | 2.80 ± 1.07 | L × M: | 0.033 |
| 25 Nm | 2.90 ± 2.09 | 2.08 ± 0.73 | M: | 0.012 |
| Torque accuracy | ||||
| Mean deviation from target level (Nm) | ||||
| 5% MVCa | 0.20 ± 0.22 | 0.12 ± 0.07 | L: | <0.001 |
| 25% MVCa | 0.31 ± 0.21 | 0.22 ± 0.17 | M: | 0.676 |
| 50% MVCb | 1.00 ± 0.74 | 1.08 ± 1.20 | L × M: | 0.389 |
| 25 Nm | 0.38 ± 0.30 | 0.32 ± 0.31 | M: | 0.190 |
Values are group means ± SD. M = Muscle; L = level.
*
p < 0.05, vs. all other target level means for hip extension and hip flexion. Target torque level means with different superscript letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).