Table 1.
Factors among cases and controls
| Variables/Factors | Cases (LBW) N = 225 n (%) |
Controls (NBW) N = 225 n (%) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male Neonate | 131 (58.2) | 126 (56.0) | 0.634 |
| Maternal Age | |||
| 20–35 yrs. | 172 (76.4) | 178 (79.1) | 0.606 |
| < 20 years | 30 (13.3) | 30 (13.3) | |
| > 35 years | 23 (10.2) | 17 (7.6) | |
| < 5 years of Maternal Schooling | 150 (66.7) | 163 (72.4) | 0.183 |
| < 5 years of Paternal Schooling | 108 (48.0) | 83 (36.9) | 0.017 |
| < 10, 000/Monthly Income (PKR) | 157 (69.8) | 167 (74.2) | 0.294 |
| Rural Residence | 161 (71.6) | 170 (75.6) | 0.336 |
| Primigravida | 58 (25.8) | 76 (33.8) | 0.179 |
| 2–3 Gravida | 67 (29.8) | 60 (26.6) | |
| 4 or more Gravida | 100 (44.4) | 89 (39.6) | |
| < 2 years Inter pregnancy Intervala | 109 (65.3) | 87 (58.4) | 0.208 |
| History of preterm birth | 38 (16.9) | 25 (11.1) | 0.077 |
| Normal (BMI 18.5–24.9) | 181 (80.4) | 183 (81.3) | 0.746 |
| Under weight (BMI < 18.5) | 26 (11.6) | 28 (12.4) | |
| Over weight (BMI 25-29.9) | 18 (8) | 14 (6.2) | |
| Maternal Anemia | 111 (49.3) | 107 (47.6) | 0.706 |
| PTSD | 71 (31.6) | 13 (5.8) | < 0.001 |
aprimigravida excluded from analysis