Table 2.
The overview of alkaloids with anti-HSV activity.
Compound | Antiherpetic and Cytotoxicity Assays, Strains, Cells, and Reference Agents | Results | Additional Information | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Harmine (59) | Vero cells, HSV-2 PRA ACV CC50 and IC50 > 3.000 mg/mL and 0.1 μg/mL, respectively, SI > 30.000 |
CC50 and IC50 12.5 μg/mL and 0.3 μg/mL, respectively, SI = 41.6 | Peganum harmala, Banisteriopsis caapi, Passiflora incarnata | [54] |
Human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF), HSV-1 (166vVP22-GFP) GFP-based reporter assay Cidofovir at 3 μM reduced to 20% |
At 3.3 μM, 59 reduced HSV-1 replication to approx. 50%, at 10 μM to approx. 5% | 59 inhibited viral protein expressed as a dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase inhibitor. | [55] | |
Harmane (60) | Vero cells, HSV-1, HSV-2 PRA ACV HSV-1 EC50 0.8 μg/mL |
HSV-1 EC50 4.9 μg/mL, SI = 11.8 HSV-2 EC50 71.8 μg/mL, SI = 24.7 |
P. harmala, B. caapi, P. incarnata | [51] |
Aaptamine (61) (8,9-dimethoxy-1H-benzo[d,e][1,6]-naphthyridin) | Vero cells, HSV-1 CPE |
EC50 7.0 µg/mL | Marine sponge Aaptos spp. | [56] |