Table 6.

The overview of peptides with anti-HSV activity.

Compound	Antiherpetic and Cytotoxicity Assays, Strains, Cells, and Reference Agents	Results	Additional Information	Source
Bacteriocins (semi-purified)	Vero cells, HSV-1 (strain EK) CPE Viral adsorption assay	Before adsorption IC50 235.6 μg/mL, SI 4.6 (for GEn14) After adsorption IC50 24.0 μg/mL, SI 17.8 (for GEn17)	Bacteria from goat milk Enterococcus durans (GEn09, GEn12, GEn14, and GEn17).	[108]
Subtilosin	Vero cells, HSV-2 (strain G) PRA Virucidal assay Time-of-addition assay Indirect immunofluorescence assay	At 200 μg/mL a reduction over 99.9% in virus titer EC50 18.2 μg/mL, SI 17.4	Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Cyclic peptide Antiviral and virucidal effect. This compound affects late stages of the viral replicative cycle such as viral glycoprotein intracellular transport.	[109]
Simplicilliumtide J	Vero cells, HSV-1 PRA ACV IC50 3.0 µM	IC50 14.0 µM	Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Simplicillium obclavatum Cyclic peptides	[110]
Verlamelin A		IC50 16.7 µM
Verlamelin B		IC50 15.6 µM
Aspergillipeptide D	Vero cells, HSV-1 (strain 15577, ACV resistant clinical isolates HSV-1-106 and HSV-1-153) CPE ACV IC50 3 µM	HSV-1 (strain 15577) IC50 9.5 µM	Marine gorgonian-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. No cytotoxicity at concentrations tested. Aspergillipeptide D showed activity against acyclovir-resistant HSV-1-106 and HSV-1-153.	[111]
Aspergillipeptide E		HSV-1 (strain 15577) IC50 19.8 µM
RC28 (28.25 kDa) protein	BGMK cells, HSV-1 (KOS) CPE	IC50 0.078 mg/mL, SI > 32	Edible mushroom Rozites caperata (Cortinarious caperata)	[112]
Pa-MAP	Vero cells, HSV-1 Virus titer reduction method Virucidal assay ACV at 20 μg/mL PI 99%	EC50 83 μg/mL, SI ˃ 5	Polar fish Pleuronectes americanus	[113]
Bovine lactoperoxidase	Vero cells, HSV-1 PRA	At 0.5 mg/mL 100% antiviral effect	Milk hemoprotein	[114]
Griffithsin	Vero cells, HeLa cells, HSV-2 (strain G) PrestoBlue cell viability reagent - reading of fluorescence Flow cytometry Inhibition of adsorption assay In vivo HSV-2 murine model	EC50 5.8 μg/mL (230 nM) Griffithsin/carrageenan combination EC50 3.4 ng/mL	Red alga Griffithsia A lectin with high affinity for mannose-rich N-linked glycans. Griffithsin may block viral entry by binding to HSV-2 glycoprotein D. The griffithsin/carrageenan combination product but not GRFT or CG alone, reduced HSV-2 vaginal infection in mice when given an hour before challenge.	[115]
Melittin	Vero cells, HSV-1 Virus yield inhibition assay	EC50 1.35 μM; SI 6.3	Cationic 26 amino acids peptide isolated from insects—the main component of bee venom	[116]