Table 1.
Effects of drugs on spinothalamic wide dynamic range neuronal responses in spinal nerve ligated rats
| Punctate mechanical |
Heat |
Cold |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Receptor | Drug | Brush | Innocuous | Noxious | Innocuous | Noxious | Innocuous | Noxious | Windup | Spontaneous | DNIC |
| VGSCs | Oxcarbazepine (s.c)14 | ↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | – | – | ↓ | ↓↓ | – | ↓↓ | |
| VGSCs | Licarbazepine (i.pl)14 | ↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | – | – | ↓ | ↓↓ | – | ↓↓ | |
| 5-HT2A | Ketanserin (i.th)58 | – | – | ↓ | – | ↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | – | ||
| NET | Reboxetine (i.th)56,61 | – | ↓ | ↓ | – | – | – | ↓ | – | ↑↑ | |
| TRPM8 | M8-an (s.c)62 | – | – | – | – | – | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | – | ||
| α2δ-1 | Pregabalin (s.c)31,41 | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | – | ↓ | – | – | – | – | |
| 5-HT3 | Ondansetron (i.th)56,58,63 | – | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | – | ↓↓ | – | – | – | – | ↑↑ |
| Cav2.1/2/3 | TROX-1 (i.th & s.c)50 | – | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| OR | Morphine (s.c)64 | – | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | |||
| α2 | Clonidine (i.th)61 | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ||
| μOR/NET | Tapentadol (s.c)56,65 | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↑↑ | |||
| Cav2.1/3 | Tx3-3 (i.th)49 | ↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓ | ↓↓ | ↓ | ||||
| A3 | MRS5698 (s.c)66 | ↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ||||
| VGSCs | Lacosamide (i.th & s.c)15 | ↓ | – | ↓↓ | ↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ||||
| NMDA | Ketamine (s.c)67,68 | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | – | |||||
Examining drug actions on evoked sensory neuronal endpoints reveals three broad groups characterized by predominant inhibitory effects on (1) mechanically and cold-evoked responses, (2) mechanically evoked responses, and (3) all modalities.
↓ = moderately inhibited; ↓↓ = inhibited; ↑↑ = enhanced; – = no/minimal effect; (blank) = not tested; VGSCs = voltage-gated sodium channels; s.c = subcutaneous; i.pl = intraplantar; i.th = intrathecal; NET = norepinephrine transporter; TRPM8 = Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 8; OR = opioid receptor; A = adenosine.