TABLE 2.

Representative Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix Texture Features

Co-occurrence matrix features	Qualitative	description
Contrast	Intensity contrast between pixel and its neighbor	$\sum _{ij}|i-j{|}^{2}f(i,j)$
Correlation	Linear gray-level dependence	$\sum _{ij}\frac{\left(\left(i-{\mu }_i\right)*\left(j-{\mu }_j\right)*f(i,j)\right)}{{\sigma }_i{\sigma }_j}$
Homogeneity	Closeness of distribution in co-occurrence matrix to matrix diagonal	$\sum _{ij}\frac{f(i,j)}{1+|i-j|}$
Energy	Certainty of gray-level co-occurrence	$\sum _{ij}f{(i,j)}^2$
Entropy	Uncertainty of gray-level co-occurrence	$-\sum _{ij}f{(i,j)}^{*}\text{log}(f(i,j))$
Inverse difference moment (IDM)	Local homogeneity in gray-level co-occurrence	$\sum _{ij}\frac{f(i,j)}{\left(1+{(i-j)}^2\right)}$
Cluster shade	Asymmetry in gray-level values	$\sum _{ij}{\left(i-{\mu }_i+j-{\mu }_j\right)}^3*f(i,j)$