Table 1. General characteristics of the sample.
| Characteristics | All | Girls | Boys | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 296 | 161 | 135 | - |
| Age (years) | 10.2±3.3 | 10.2±3.3 | 10.2±3.1 | 0.922 |
| Weight (kg) | 39.2±19.7 | 40.6±19.8 | 38.4±19.7 | 0.867 |
| Height (cm) | 144.0±0.2 | 144.0±0.2 | 143.0±0.2 | 0.457 |
| BMIz | 0.68±1.41 | 0.65±1.41 | 0.72±1.43 | 0.681 |
| TMI (kg/m3) | 12.8±3.5 | 12.8±3.9 | 12.6±3.1 | 0.169 |
| Body fat (%) | 23.5±15.5 | 25.5±15.3 | 21.3±13.8 | <0.001 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 149.0±31.7 | 148.0±29.5 | 149.0±38.0 | 0.760 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 77.5±27.0 | 76.0±25.0 | 78.0±30.0 | 0.527 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 51.0±13.7 | 50.0±14.0 | 52.0±14.0 | 0.051 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 67.0±37.0 | 73.0±47.0 | 63.0±33.0 | 0.005 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 87.0±10.7 | 87.0±11.0 | 88.0±10.0 | 0.244 |
| Insulin (mcUI/mL) | 10.6±8.2 | 11.9±9.0 | 9.8±7.4 | 0.004 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.27±1.82 | 2.49±2.02 | 2.02±1.68 | 0.010 |
| IR (%) | 78 (26.4) | 53 (32.9) | 25 (18.5) | 0.005 |
BMIz: body mass index Z scores; TMI: tri-ponderal mass index; TC: total cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; IR: insulin resistance; values are mean±standard deviation or number and percentage; unpaired Student’s t-test or chi-square test; significant difference at p-value<0.05.