Table 1.
Arsenic treatment technologies, number of water/solid samples collected, and plumbing material information in 20 select small water systems from the USEPA’s Arsenic Demonstration. Hydrant flush solids were occasionally collected. General plumbing material information (in the distribution system, service line and/or premises) was available in most EPA reports.
| System ID (State) |
As Removal Technology | Monthly Water Samples at Treatment Effluent and 3 Distribution Sites | Hydrant Flush Solids | General Plumbing Material Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AL (TX) | Adsorptive Media | Before: 3–4 After: 12–14 |
0 | DS: Cast Fe SL: PVC & Galvanized Fe |
| BW (NH1) | Adsorptive Media | Before: 4 After: 17–26 |
0 | DS: PVC SL & Premises: PVC & Cu, Pb solder |
| BC (MI1) | Adsorptive Media | Before: 4 After: 18–24 |
Before: 2 After: 0 |
DS: Asbestos cement, ductile Fe, plastic |
| GF (NH2) | Adsorptive Media | Before: 4 After: 15–16 |
0 | DS: PVC SL & Premises: Cu |
| LD (SD) | Adsorptive Media | Before: 3 After: 12–16 |
0 | DS: Steel & PVC |
| DM (VT) | Adsorptive Media | Before: 4 After: 9–11 |
0 | DS: Pb, PVC, PE |
| FC (IN)* | Adsorptive Media | Before:1– 4 After: 12–16 |
0 | DS: Cu, galvanized Fe & PVC SL: galvanized Fe & PVC Premises: Mainly Cu |
| CM (MN1) | Coagulation/Filtration | Before: 4 After:12 −13 |
Before: 2 After: 2 |
DS: PVC Premises: PVC, Cu |
| LW (ND) | Coagulation/Filtration Engineering Modification | Before: 4 After: 6–9 |
Before: 2 After: 2 |
NA |
| PW (MI2) | Coagulation/Filtration | Before: 4 After: 11–22 |
0 | DS: ductile Fe, sand cast Fe SL: Cu |
| SF (OH) | Iron Removal & Adsorptive Media | Before: 4 After: 11–13 |
Before: 6 After: 0 |
DS: PVC, Cu, Fe SL: Cu, black PE Premises: PVC, Cu, polybutylene |
| ST (MN2) | Iron Removal & Adsorptive Media | Before: 4 After: 11–17 |
Before: 0 After: 3 |
DS: Cast Fe SL: Galvanized Fe, Cu, PVC |
| SV (CA)* | Oxidizing media & Adsorptive Media | Before: 3 After: 10–12 |
0 | SL & Premises: Cu, Galvanized Fe, PVC |
| WA (MA) | Oxidizing media & Adsorptive Media | Before: 4 After: 11–14 |
0 | DS, SL, & Premises: PVC |
| WL (UT) | Oxidizing media & Adsorptive Media | Before: 4 After: 11–13 |
0 | DS & SL: Galvanized Fe |
| WV (IL) | Iron Removal | Before: 6 After: 13–15 |
Before: 6 After: 0 |
DS: Cast Fe |
| CL (PA) | Iron Removal | Before: 4 After: 10–12 |
0 | NA |
| DV (WI) | Iron Removal | Before: 3–4 After: 13–18 |
0 | DS: Cu SL & Premises: Cu |
| SA (MN3) | Iron Removal | Before: 4 After: 13–18 |
Before: 0 After: 3 |
DS: Cast Fe & PVC |
| SC (MN4) | Iron Removal | Before: 3–4 After: 13 |
0 | DS: PVC |
*
School building, 3 school taps sampled instead of 3 homes; DS: Distribution system; SL: Service line PVC: Polyvinyl chloride; Pb: Lead, Cu: Copper, Fe: Iron, PE: Polyethylene; NA: Not Available in EPA report