Table 3. Sex-stratified multivariable sequentially adjusted cox proportional hazard models for demographic, socioeconomic, health behavioural, and number of chronic comorbidities and of index prospective ACSC hospitalization for pooled study participants from CCHS cycles 2000/2001-2011 followed from time of interview to index ACSC hospitalization, death, or end of study (March 31, 2013) (n = 318,845).
| MALES | |||||
| MODEL 1 | MODEL 2 | MODEL 3 | MODEL 4 | MODEL 5 | |
| AGE-ADJUSTED1 | AGE-ADJUSTED DEMOGRAPHICS2 | MODEL 2 + SES3 | MODEL 3 + BEHAVIOURS4 | MODEL 4 + CHRONIC MORBIDITIES5 | |
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
| DEMOGRAPHICS | |||||
| Self-identified Ethnicity | |||||
| White | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Visible minorities | 0.74 (0.60, 0.91) | 0.77 (0.63, 0.94) | 0.83 (0.66, 1.06) | 0.87 (0.69, 1.11) | 0.90 (0.72, 1.14) |
| Urban/Rural | |||||
| Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Rural | 1.32 (1.19, 1.46) | 1.26 (1.14, 1.39) | 1.18 (1.07, 1.31) | 1.13 (1.01, 1.26) | 1.13 (1.01, 1.26) |
| SES | |||||
| Marital Status | |||||
| Single | 1.22 (1.02, 1.44) | 0.95 (0.80, 1.13) | 0.92 (0.77, 1.09) | 0.90 (0.76, 1.07) | |
| Married or common-law | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Separated or divorced | 1.51 (1.32, 1.74) | 1.25 (1.08, 1.44) | 1.12 (0.96, 1.31) | 1.02 (0.86, 1.20) | |
| Widowed | 1.76 (1.35, 2.29) | 1.44 (1.09, 1.89) | 1.41 (1.04, 1.90) | 1.45 (1.08, 1.94) | |
| Immigrant Status | |||||
| Canada-born | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Immigrant | 0.64 (0.54, 0.75) | 0.67 (0.56, 0.79) | 0.77 (0.65, 0.92) | 0.83 (0.69, 0.98) | |
| Household National Income Quintile6 | |||||
| Lowest | 2.71 (2.27, 3.24) | 2.82 (2.30, 3.46) | 2.08 (1.66, 2.62) | 1.58 (1.25, 2.00) | |
| Lower-middle | 1.94 (1.60, 2.35) | 2.05 (1.68, 2.51) | 1.68 (1.36, 2.07) | 1.47 (1.19, 1.81) | |
| Middle | 1.34 (1.11, 1.61) | 1.39 (1.15, 1.69) | 1.21 (0.98, 1.49) | 1.11 (0.90, 1.36) | |
| Upper-middle | 1.23 (1.01, 1.48) | 1.28 (1.05, 1.55) | 1.21 (0.98, 1.49) | 1.17 (0.95, 1.44) | |
| Highest | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Household Education | |||||
| Less than secondary | 2.06 (1.80, 2.35) | 1.43 (1.24, 1.65) | 1.20 (1.02, 1.41) | 1.16 (0.99, 1.37) | |
| Secondary completed | 1.31 (1.12, 1.53) | 1.12 (0.95, 1.31) | 1.10 (0.92, 1.31) | 1.14 (0.96, 1.37) | |
| Some post-secondary | 1.43 (1.18, 1.72) | 1.21 (1.00, 1.46) | 1.12 (0.92, 1.37) | 1.11 (0.91, 1.36) | |
| Post-secondary completed | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| BEHAVIOURAL | |||||
| Smoking | |||||
| Heavy smoker | 3.73 (3.12, 4.47) | 3.13 (2.57, 3.81) | 2.65 (2.17, 3.23) | ||
| Light smoker | 2.41 (2.04, 2.84) | 2.20 (1.84, 2.64) | 1.99 (1.66, 2.38) | ||
| Former heavy | 2.01 (1.70, 2.39) | 1.88 (1.57, 2.26) | 1.60 (1.33, 1.92) | ||
| Former light | 1.32 (1.11, 1.57) | 1.36 (1.13, 1.64) | 1.25 (1.04, 1.51) | ||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Alcohol Consumption | |||||
| Heavy | 1.12 (0.88, 1.41) | 0.78 (0.62, 0.99) | 0.77 (0.61, 0.98) | ||
| Moderate | 0.87 (0.71, 1.07) | 0.85 (0.69, 1.05) | 0.87 (0.71, 1.07) | ||
| Light | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Never | 1.66 (1.39, 1.98) | 1.33 (1.11, 1.60) | 1.22 (1.02, 1.47) | ||
| Corrected BMI | |||||
| Obese | 1.69 (1.44, 1.98) | 1.59 (1.33, 1.90) | 1.28 (1.06, 1.54) | ||
| Over weight | 0.95 (0.81, 1.10) | 1.02 (0.86, 1.22) | 0.96 (0.81, 1.14) | ||
| Normal weight | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Under weight | 2.72 (1.73, 4.30) | 2.27 (1.35, 3.83) | 1.98 (1.14, 3.43) | ||
| Physical Activity | |||||
| Inactive | 1.83 (1.60, 2.10) | 1.37 (1.19, 1.59) | 1.28 (1.10, 1.48) | ||
| Moderate | 1.30 (1.10, 1.53) | 1.24 (1.04, 1.49) | 1.20 (1.00, 1.43) | ||
| Active | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| HEALTH STATUS | |||||
| Number of Chronic Morbidities | 1.49 (1.46, 1.53) | 1.37 (1.33, 1.41) | |||
| FEMALES | |||||
| MODEL 1 | MODEL 2 | MODEL 3 | MODEL 4 | MODEL 5 | |
| AGE-ADJUSTED1 | AGE-ADJUSTED DEMOGRAPHICS2 | MODEL 2 + SES3 | MODEL 3 + BEHAVIOURS4 | MODEL 4 + CHRONIC MORBIDITIES5 | |
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
| DEMOGRAPHICS | |||||
| Self-identified Ethnicity | |||||
| White | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Visible minorities | 0.81 (0.62, 1.07) | 0.84 (0.64, 1.10) | 1.02 (0.78, 1.34) | 1.09 (0.83, 1.44) | 1.08 (0.82, 1.42) |
| Urban/Rural | |||||
| Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Rural | 1.24 (1.11, 1.38) | 1.20 (1.08, 1.33) | 1.18 (1.05, 1.31) | 1.12 (1.00, 1.26) | 1.15 (1.03, 1.29) |
| SES | |||||
| Marital Status | |||||
| Single | 1.27 (1.00, 1.62) | 1.08 (0.85, 1.37) | 1.05 (0.82, 1.35) | 0.99 (0.7, 1.27) | |
| Married or common-law | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Separated or divorced | 1.71 (1.48, 1.98) | 1.28 (1.09, 1.51) | 1.13 (0.95, 1.34) | 1.01 (0.84, 1.21) | |
| Widowed | 1.70 (1.46, 1.97) | 1.26 (1.08, 1.47) | 1.18 (1.00, 1.39) | 1.14 (0.96, 1.34) | |
| Immigrant Status | |||||
| Canada-born | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Immigrant | 0.52 (0.42, 0.65) | 0.50 (0.41, 0.61) | 0.64 (0.53, 0.78) | 0.69 (0.57, 0.84) | |
| Household National Income Quintile6 | |||||
| Lowest | 3.51 (2.86, 4.31) | 3.12 (2.50, 3.89) | 2.02 (1.61, 2.53) | 1.52 (1.22, 1.91) | |
| Lower-middle | 2.42 (1.89, 3.09) | 2.27 (1.76, 2.93) | 1.70 (1.31, 2.21) | 1.53 (1.18, 1.99) | |
| Middle | 1.41 (1.12, 1.77) | 1.35 (1.08, 1.70) | 1.09 (0.87, 1.37) | 1.04 (0.83, 1.30) | |
| Upper-middle | 1.51 (1.17, 1.94) | 1.51 (1.17, 1.95) | 1.35 (1.03, 1.76) | 1.31 (1.00, 1.72) | |
| Highest | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Household Education | |||||
| Less than secondary | 2.55 (2.21, 2.94) | 1.75 (1.51, 2.02) | 1.36 (1.18, 1.55) | 1.30 (1.13, 1.48) | |
| Secondary completed | 1.40 (1.20, 1.65) | 1.16 (0.99, 1.36) | 1.04 (0.88, 1.22) | 1.09 (0.92, 1.28) | |
| Some post-secondary | 1.77 (1.40, 2.25) | 1.45 (1.15, 1.84) | 1.29 (1.00, 1.67) | 1.29 (1.00, 1.66) | |
| Post-secondary completed | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| BEHAVIOURAL | |||||
| Smoking | |||||
| Heavy smoker | 6.66 (5.51, 8.05) | 4.62 (3.85, 5.55) | 3.41 (2.81, 4.13) | ||
| Light smoker | 3.52 (2.98, 4.16) | 3.00 (2.57, 3.51) | 2.66 (2.27, 3.11) | ||
| Former heavy | 2.84 (2.30, 3.51) | 2.32 (1.87, 2.87) | 1.93 (1.55, 2.40) | ||
| Former light | 1.63 (1.35, 1.96) | 1.66 (1.38, 1.98) | 1.52 (1.27, 1.82) | ||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Alcohol Consumption | |||||
| Heavy | 2.67 (1.77, 4.02) | 1.47 (0.97, 2.23) | 1.47 (0.97, 2.22) | ||
| Moderate | 0.96 (0.71, 1.31) | 0.93 (0.68, 1.27) | 0.94 (0.69, 1.28) | ||
| Light | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Never | 2.28 (1.75, 2.98) | 1.84 (1.41, 2.41) | 1.67 (1.27, 2.19) | ||
| Corrected BMI | |||||
| Obese | 1.87 (1.61, 2.17) | 1.47 (1.24, 1.75) | 1.13 (0.95, 1.35) | ||
| Over weight | 1.02 (0.89, 1.17) | 0.96 (0.82, 1.11) | 0.89 (0.77, 1.03) | ||
| Normal weight | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Under weight | 3.86 (2.30, 6.48) | 2.99 (1.72, 5.18) | 2.78 (1.61, 4.81) | ||
| Physical Activity | |||||
| Inactive | 1.75 (1.50, 2.03) | 1.22 (1.04, 1.42) | 1.11 (0.95, 1.30) | ||
| Moderate | 1.00 (0.82, 1.24) | 0.90 (0.72, 1.11) | 0.88 (0.72, 1.09) | ||
| Active | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| HEALTH STATUS | |||||
| Number of Chronic Morbidities | 1.48 (1.44, 1.51) | 1.35 (1.31, 1.38) | |||
1Model 1 is age- and cycle-adjusted univariate analysis of independent variables.
2Model 2 is age- and cycle-adjusted analysis of race and rurality variables.
3Model 3 is age- and cycle-adjusted analysis of race, rurality, marital status, immigrant status, national household income quintiles, and highest level of household educational attainment.
4Model 4 is age- and cycle-adjusted analysis of race, rurality, marital status, immigrant status, national household income quintiles, highest level of household educational attainment, smoking status, alcohol consumption, BMI, and physical activity levels.
5Model 5 is age- and cycle-adjusted analysis of race, rurality, marital status, immigrant status, national household income quintiles, highest level of household educational attainment, smoking status, alcohol consumption, BMI, physical activity levels, and number of chronic morbidities.
6 Unknown income was modelled as a separate categorical level.