Figure 1. Expression of Tolls demarcates the anatomical map of the adult brain.

(A) Toll receptor expression visualised with: Anti-Toll-1 antibodies, in retinal photoreceptors; CRISPR/Cas9 generated Toll-2^pTVGAL4 > FlyBow, throughout the brain; MIMIC-RMCE generated Toll-3GAL4 > tdTomato restricted to the lamina; CRISPR/Cas9 generated Toll-4GAL4 > FlyBow did not reveal any signal; CRISPR/Cas9 generated Toll-5GAL4 > FlyBow was prominent in medulla, Kenyon cells and protocerebral bridge (pb). (Unfortunately, we could not get CRISPR/Cas9 data for Toll-9). MIMIC-RMCE generated Toll-6GAL4 > tdTomato is prominent in lamina, Kenyon cells and central brain interneurons. MIMIC-RMCE generated Toll-7GAL4 > FlyBow was prominent in optic lobe and Kenyon cells. Toll-8GAL4^MD806 > tdTomato was prominent in central brain and Kenyon cells. (B–G) Higher magnification views to show signal in: (B) Kenyon cells (KCs); (C) mushroom bodies (mb); (D) antennal lobes (AL); (E) fan shaped body (fsb); (F) ellipsoid body (eb); (G,H,J) optic lobes (OL). (I) Drawing illustrating the brain domains of KCs, central brain (CB) and OLs used for the functional analysis. La: lamina; me: medulla; lo: lobula; lp: lobula plate; no: noduli; pcb: protocerebral bridge. Scale bars: A,E,F,G: 25 μm; B,C,D,H,J: 50 μm. For genotypes and sample sizes see Materials and methods and Supplementary file 2. See Figure 1—figure supplement 1.

Figure 1—figure supplement 1. Most Tolls are expressed in the central nervous system.

Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) carried out to detect transcripts for Tolls in whole embryos, and dissected central nervous systems (CNS) of larvae and pupae, and dissected adult brains. Control is expression from house-keeping gene GAPDH. (+) indicates RT-PCR, and (-) indicates no RT control. Toll-1, 2-, 6,–7 and −8 are abundantly expressed in the CNS, followed by Toll-5, Toll-3 is less abundant and Toll-4 and Toll-9 bands are rather faint. These are not quantitative real time qRT-PCRs.