Table 1.
Sample Characteristics
| Overall Sample (N= 1145) | Women (n = 586) | Men (n = 555) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (M, SD) | 43.86(SD = 10.92) | 41.61(SD = 10.28) | 46.21(SD = 11.08) | <0.0001* |
| Race | 0.28 | |||
| White | 935(83.8) | 466(79.5) | 467(84.1) | |
| Black/African American | 109(9.8) | 67(11.4) | 42(7.6) | |
| Asian | 20(1.8) | 12(2.1) | 8(1.4) | |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 10(0.9) | 5(0.9) | 4(0.7) | |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 3(0.3) | 2(0.3) | 1(0.2) | |
| Other/Mixed | 39(3.5) | 23(3.9) | 16(2.9) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.47 | |||
| Hispanic | 91(8.2%) | 50(8.7) | 40(7.5) | |
| Non-Hispanic | 1016(91.8) | 523(91.3) | 491(92.5) | |
| Marital Status | <0.0001* | |||
| Married | 638(55.7) | 272(46.4) | 364(65.6) | |
| Divorced/Separated | 231(20.2) | 142(24.2) | 88(15.9) | |
| Widowed | 4(0.4) | 3(0.5) | 1(0.2) | |
| Single | 272(23.8) | 169(28.8) | 102(18.4) | |
| Education | <0.0001* | |||
| None or < HS | 1(0.1) | 1(0.2) | 0(0) | |
| HS or GED | 234(20.7) | 84(14.4) | 149(27.2) | |
| Associate’s/Junior/2-year college | 271(23.9) | 145(24.9) | 124(22.7) | |
| Bachelor’s/4-year college | 357(31.5) | 208(35.7) | 149(27.2) | |
| Graduate/Professional | 269(23.8) | 144(24.7) | 125(22.9) | |
| Employment | <0.0001* | |||
| Employed | 694(60.7) | 330(56.3) | 362(65.5) | |
| Unemployed | 75(6.6) | 37(6.3) | 36(6.5) | |
| Homemaker | 25(2.2) | 24(4.1) | 1(0.2) | |
| Student | 113(9.9) | 82(14) | 31(5.6) | |
| Retired | 138(12.1) | 58(9.9) | 80(14.5) | |
| Unable to work | 98(8.6) | 55(9.4) | 43(7.8) | |
| Treatment for Cardiovascular Risk Factors | ||||
| Hypertension | 226(25.1) | 83(17.5) | 142(33.6) | <0.0001* |
| Cerebrovascular Events | 8(0.9) | 6(1.3) | 2(0.5) | 0.23 |
| Diabetes | 77(8.7) | 24(5.1) | 53(13) | <0.0001* |
| Chronic Sleep Problems | 417(45.6) | 213(43.7) | 203(48) | 0.19 |
| Exercisea | ||||
| Strenuous Exercise (M, SD) | 2.93(SD = 6.32) | 2.90(SD = 8.26) | 2.96(SD = 3.21) | 0.88 |
| Moderate Exercise (M, SD) | 3.21(SD = 4.93) | 3.18(SD = 5.77) | 3.24(SD = 3.87) | 0.85 |
| Mild Exercise (M, SD) | 3.42(SD = 3.83) | 3.46(SD = 4.08) | 3.39(SD = 3.55) | 0.77 |
| Smoking Status | 0.13 | |||
| Never | 3(0.6) | 0(0) | 3(1.2) | |
| Former | 363(69.4) | 176(67.7) | 185(71.2) | |
| Current | 157(30) | 84(32.3) | 72(27.7) | |
| Mental Health Symptoms | ||||
| Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (M, SD) | 7.45(SD = 6.28) | 7.89(SD = 6.38) | 6.98(SD = 6.14) | 0.02* |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (M, SD) | 6.57(SD = 5.99) | 6.94(SD = 5.98) | 6.18(SD = 5.98) | 0.04* |
| PTSD Checklist-Military Version (M, SD) | 38.59(SD = 17.66) | 38.79(SD = 17.70) | 38.39(SD = 17.66) | 0.71 |
| Insomnia Severity Index (M, SD) | 13.51(SD = 6.50) | 13.47(SD = 6.58) | 13.53(SD = 6.43) | 0.87 |
| Mental Health Treatment | ||||
| Emotional Disorderb | 494(54.1) | 290(59.4) | 203(48.1) | 0.0006* |
| PTSD | 416(45.5) | 219(45.2) | 197(46.2) | 0.74 |
| Drug/Alcohol | 54(6.1) | 23(4.9) | 31(7.6) | 0.10 |
^
Data are presented as n(%) unless otherwise indicated.
*
Indicates significant differences.
a
Data are presented as number of times on average in a week a participant engaged in exercise for more than 15 minutes. Strenuous exercise was defined as exercise that causes the heart to beat rapidly (e.g., running, vigorous swimming). Moderate exercise was defined as exercise that was not exhausting (e.g., fast walking, easy bicycling). Mild exercise was defined as minimal effort (e.g., yoga, archery, easy walking).
b
Emotional disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety).
Cases with missing data were removed from analyses: Mild Exercise missing = 6.3%; Insomnia Severity Index missing = 12.2%.