Table 2.
Sex Differences in Barriers
| Overall Sample (N= 1145) | Women (n = 586) | Men (n = 555) | p | FDR p | φc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient Level Barriers | ||||||
| Perceive Self as Not at Risk | 645(56.5) | 335(57.3) | 308(55.8) | 0.62 | 0.69 | 0.02 |
| Lack of Confidence | 452(39.6) | 248(42.5) | 202(36.5) | 0.04* | 0.09 | 0.06 |
| Prefer Not to Change Lifestyle | 398(34.9) | 167(28.6) | 228(41.2) | <0.0001* | 0.0002* | −0.13 |
| Depression | 370(32.5) | 212(36.4) | 157(28.4) | 0.004* | 0.02* | 0.09 |
| Fearful of Change | 353(30.9) | 186(31.9) | 167(30.2) | 0.55 | 0.69 | 0.02 |
| Stress | 334(32.2) | 190(36.5) | 144(28.1) | 0.004* | 0.02* | 0.09 |
| God/Higher Power | 303(26.9) | 147(25.3) | 156(28.7) | 0.20 | 0.38 | −0.04 |
| Believe Lifestyle Change will Not Affect Risk | 273(23.9) | 111(19) | 161(29.1) | <0.0001* | 0.0007* | −0.12 |
| Unsure of Preventive Behaviors to Take | 229(20.l) | 125(21.4) | 103(18.8) | 0.28 | 0.49 | 0.03 |
| Believe Changes are Too Complicated | 217(19.l) | 116(19.8) | 100(18.3) | 0.50 | 0.68 | 0.02 |
| Ill/Old | 106(9.4) | 56(9.6) | 50(9.1) | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.01 |
| Lack Time | 79(9) | 39(9.4) | 40(8.7) | 0.70 | 0.74 | 0.01 |
| Confusion about Lifestyle Changes | 79(7.5) | 38(6.9) | 41(8.2) | 0.43 | 0.62 | −0.03 |
| Interpersonal Barriers | ||||||
| Family Obligations | 624(55.1) | 310(53) | 313(57.6) | 0.12 | 0.25 | −0.05 |
| Inadequate Social Support | 261(23.2) | 150(25.9) | 110(20.3) | 0.03* | 0.08 | 0.07 |
| Systems Level Barriers | ||||||
| Media Confusion | 405(35.7) | 200(34.4) | 203(37) | 0.36 | 0.57 | −0.03 |
| Healthcare Professional Doesn’t Think I Need to Worry | 398(35.6) | 226(39.3) | 172(32) | 0.01* | 0.03* | 0.08 |
| Lack of Money or Insurance Coverage | 287(25.4) | 151(26) | 134(24.6) | 0.60 | 0.69 | 0.02 |
| Healthcare Professional Doesn’t Explain Clearly What I should do | 176(15.7) | 108(18.8) | 68(12.6) | 0.004* | 0.02* | 0.09 |
^
Data are presented as n(%) unless otherwise indicated.
*
Indicates significant differences.
FDR refers to a false discovery rate.
φc refers to Cramer’s V effect sizes.
Cases with missing data were removed from analyses: Too stressed barrier missing = 9.8%, Lack of time barrier missing = 23.5%, and Confusion about lifestyle changes barrier missing = 7.9%.