Table 3.
Models for the Effect of Sex on Barriers
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR(CI) | p | OR(CI) | p | |
| Patient Level Barriers | ||||
| Perceive Self as Not at Risk | 1.06(0.84–1.34) | 0.62 | 1.00(0.78–1.30) | 0.97 |
| Lack of Confidence | 1.29(1.02–1.64) | 0.04* | 1.35(1.04–1.76) | 0.02* |
| Prefer Not to Change Lifestyle | 0.57(0.45–0.74) | <.0001* | 0.62(0.48–0.82) | 0.0006* |
| Depression | 1.44(1.12–1.85) | 0.004* | 1.27(0.95–1.69) | 0.10 |
| Fearful of Change | 1.08(0.84–1.39) | 0.55 | 0.98(0.74–1.29) | 0.88 |
| Stress | 1.48(1.14–1.92) | 0.004* | 1.38(1.03–1.84) | 0.03* |
| God/Higher Power | 0.84(0.65–1.10) | 0.20 | 1.10 (0.82–1.48) | 0.52 |
| Believe Lifestyle Change will Not Affect Risk | 0.57(0.44–0.76) | <.0001* | 0.61(0.45–0.83) | 0.002* |
| Unsure of Preventive Behaviors to Take | 1.17(0.88–1.57) | 0.28 | 1.15(0.83–1.59) | 0.41 |
| Believe Changes are Too Complicated | 1.11(0.82–1.49) | 0.50 | 1.08(0.78–1.50) | 0.65 |
| Ill/Old | 1.06(0.71–1.58) | 0.79 | 1.21(0.78–1.89) | 0.39 |
| Lack Time | 1.09(0.69–1.74) | 0.70 | 1.17(0.70–1.97) | 0.57 |
| Confusion about Lifestyle Changes | 0.83(0.52–1.31) | 0.43 | 0.83(0.50–1.40) | 0.49 |
| Interpersonal Barriers | ||||
| Family Obligations | 0.83(0.66–1.05) | 0.12 | 0.95(0.72–1.23) | 0.68 |
| Inadequate Social Support | 1.37(1.03–1.81) | 0.03* | 1.32(0.98–1.80) | 0.07 |
| Systems Level Barriers | ||||
| Media Confusion | 0.89(0.70–1.14) | 0.36 | 0.93(0.72–1.22) | 0.61 |
| Healthcare Professional Doesn’t Think I Need to Worry | 1.38(1.08–1.76) | 0.01* | 1.30(0.99–1.70) | 0.06 |
| Lack of Money or Insurance Coverage | 1.07(0.82–1.41) | 0.60 | 0.89(0.65–1.20) | 0.43 |
| Healthcare Professional Doesn’t Explain Clearly What I should do | 1.61(1.16–2.24) | 0.005* | 1.39(0.97–1.99) | 0.07 |
Adjusted model is adjusted for sex, age, marital status, education level, and employment status.
*
Indicates significant findings.
Cases with missing data were removed from analyses: Too stressed barrier missing = 9.8% (unadjusted) and 12% (adjusted), Lack of time barrier missing = 23.5% (unadjusted) and 25.7% (adjusted), Healthcare professional doesn’t think I need to worry = 5.3% (adjusted), Confusion about lifestyle changes barrier missing = 7.9% (unadjusted) and 10.4% (adjusted), and Healthcare doesn’t explain clearly what I should do = 5% (adjusted).