Table 3.

Costs associated with 3D printing derived from authors’ institutional data (DHB and PKW) derived from 10 total 3D printed models or guides, allocated as “simple” or “complex” (definitions in the “Comments” column).

Variable	Cost (USD)	Cost Descriptor	Comments
3D printer	$12,000	Initial investment	Varies considerably from $150 to >$500,000. Examples from this institutional data were from three printers that cost $2,000, $4,000, and $6,000 respectively.
Segmentation software	$20,000/yr	Fixed annual cost	Commercial 3D printing segmentation software $20,000. The RSNA 3D Printing Special Interest Group recommends using FDA approved software (4).
Personnel (salary or time allocation)	$120,000/yr (derived from % effort of salary)		Biomedical engineers with radiologist approval in current example. Segmentation can be performed by biomedical engineers, imaging scientists, radiologic technologists, non-radiology physicians, and radiologists.
“Simple” models or guides, n=6	$119 (mean of 6 cases; calculated from cost of material and period of allocated time)	Variable cost dependent on volume and provider requests	“Simple” models or guides were defined as anatomic models or guides that consistent of one segmented and printed part, one material, and one color. Example: femoral head model.
			Material cost/case	Segmenting time/case	Interacting with printer and model processing/case
			$5	101 min	55 min
“Complex” models or guides, n=4	$320 (mean of 4 cases; calculated from cost of material and period of allocated time)		“Complex” models or guides were defined as anatomic models or guides that consistent of more than segmented and printed part; alternatively more than one material or color. Example: renal mass model consisting of tumor, renal parenchyma, renal artery, renal vein, and collecting system.
			Material cost/case	Segmenting time/case	Interacting with printer and model processing/case
			$31	143 min	149 min

Highlighted column = new in revision