Table 1.
Characteristics of the study group by estimated glomerular filtration rate level
| Characteristic | eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | eGFR 45–59 mL/min/1.73 m2 | eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 406) | (n = 131) | (n = 65) | ||
| ACR (mg/g·Cr) | 19 (8–55) | 33 (12–217) | 179 (21–781) | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 80 (69–91) | 53 (48–57) | 40 (36–43) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 62 ± 13 | 71 ± 10 | 72 ± 10 | <0.001 |
| Male sex (%) | 52.2 | 65.7 | 56.9 | 0.03 |
| Duration (years) | 14 ± 10 | 19 ± 11 | 22 ± 11 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.3 ± 4.9 | 24.6 ± 3.8 | 25.1 ± 4.0 | 0.46 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 138 ± 16 | 140 ± 19 | 142 ± 22 | 0.20 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79 ± 11 | 75 ± 12 | 77 ± 13 | <0.001 |
| UA (mg/dL) | 5.0 ± 1.2 | 5.8 ± 1.2 | 6.3 ± 1.3 | <0.001 |
| HDL‐C (mg/dL) | 53 ± 13 | 51 ± 14 | 48 ± 12 | <0.001 |
| Non‐HDL‐C (mg/dL) | 131 ± 33 | 126 ± 32 | 127 ± 32 | 0.19 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.9 ± 1.6 | 13.2 ± 1.7 | 12.4 ± 1.7 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.4 ± 1.1 | 7.2 ± 1.1 | 7.3 ± 1.2 | 0.10 |
| L‐FABP (mg/g·Cr) | 3.5 (2.2–5.6) | 4.4 (2.7–12.1) | 11.1 (5.0–26.9) | <0.001 |
| KIM‐1 in urine (ng/g·Cr) | 1.28 (0.77–1.96) | 1.26 (0.81–2.10) | 1.56 (1.01–2.14) | 0.047 |
| KIM‐1 in sera (pg/mL) | 96 (62–151) | 145 (92–216) | 207 (124–341) | <0.001 |
Data are the mean ± standard deviation, median (quartiles), or %. ACR, urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; KIM‐1, kidney injury molecule‐1; L‐FABP, liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; UA, uric acid.