Table 6.
Multivariate analysis of microalbuminuria predictors in type 2 diabetes mellitus by clinical factors and biomarkers
| Units of increase | Multivariate models 2–6† | |
|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P | |
| Model 2: model 1 + L‐FABP (1 SD = 0.45) | 3.88 (2.93–5.14) | <0.0001 |
| Model 3: model 1 + uKIM‐1 (1 SD = 0.38) | 1.84 (1.47–2.31) | <0.0001 |
| Model 4: model 1 + sKIM‐1 (1 SD = 0.33) | 2.26 (1.81–2.83) | <0.0001 |
| Model 5: model 1 + L‐FABP (1 SD = 0.45) | 3.63 (2.71–4.86) | <0.0001 |
| + sKIM‐1 (1 SD = 0.33) | 1.98 (1.54–2.55) | <0.0001 |
| Model 6: model 1 + L‐FABP (1 SD = 0.45) | 3.78 (2.84–5.03) | <0.0001 |
| + uKIM‐1 (1 SD = 0.38) | 1.63 (1.29–2.05) | <0.0001 |
| Model 7: model 1 + L‐FABP (1 SD = 0.45) | 3.63 (2.70–4.87) | <0.0001 |
| + sKIM‐1 (1 SD = 0.33) | 1.75 (1.33–2.29) | <0.0001 |
| + uKIM‐1 (1 SD = 0.38) | 1.35 (1.06–1.72) | 0.02 |
†The effect of each biomarker was examined separately and with pairwise combinations while controlling for clinical predictors. CI, confidence interval; KIM‐1, kidney injury molecule‐1; L‐FABP, liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein; OR, odds ratio; SD, standard deviation. The s and u prefixes denote serum and urinary sources, respectively.