Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study patients
| Characteristic | |
|---|---|
| Male/female | 182/87 |
| Age (years) | 69.0 ± 10.7 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.6 ± 4.4 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.2 ± 0.8 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 67.1 ± 22.5 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 17.5 ± 9.1 |
| Diabetic retinopathy (none/SDR/PPDR/PDR/unknown) | 173/55/7/26/8 |
| Diabetic nephropathy (stage 1/2/3/4) | 166/75/22/ 6 |
| Diabetic neuropathy | 102 |
| Macrovascular complications | 69 |
| Gliclazide/glimepiride/glibenclamide | 85/168/16 |
| Other antidiabetic agents (DPP‐4 inhibitors/biguanides/ thiazolidinediones/α‐glucosidase inhibitors/SGLT‐2 inhibitors/GLP‐1 receptor agonists) | 224/183/40/78/36/18 |
Total n = 269. Data are n or mean ± standard deviation values. BMI, body mass index; DPP‐4, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GLP‐1, glucagon‐like peptide‐1; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PPDR, preproliferative diabetic retinopathy; SDR, simple diabetic retinopathy; SGLT‐2, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2.