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. 2020 Mar 11;11:332. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00332

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Copyright © 2020 Angelidou, Diray-Arce, Conti, Smolen, van Haren, Dowling, Husson and Levy.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Licensed BCG formulations are derived from a parent strain developed in Paris, France. Multiple sub-strains have been generated using diverse culture methods, classified by genomic sequencing, resulting in a genealogy/timeline of BCG vaccine strains. Such BCG sub-strains differ in colony morphology, growth characteristics, biochemistry, immunogenicity, and virulence. The French (Pasteur) strain 1173 P2, Denmark (Statens Serum Institute) strain 1331, Glaxo strain 1077, Japan/Tokyo strain 172-1, Russian strain BCG-I, and Moreau RDJ, account for >90% of the BCG vaccines in use worldwide. The scheme depicts the distribution of vaccine formulations into four main groups (circles) based on their tandem duplication 2 (DU2) variant, which distinguishes the early (DU group I) from the late (DU group II-IV) vaccines. The lines indicate the chronology of derivation for each group. Modified from Brosch et al. (2007).