Table 4.
Effects of anthocyanin on oxidative stress biomarkers.
| Placebo (n=43) |
40mg Antho (n=44) |
80mg Antho (n=40) |
320mg Antho (n=42) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| value | MCb (%) | value | MC (%) | value | MC (%) | value | MC (%) | |
| Urine 8-iso-PGF2α (pg/mg creatinine) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 1.26±0.07a | 1.27±0.06 | 1.19±0.07 | 1.31±0.08 | ||||
| 6 wk | 1.22±0.10 | 0.13±0.15 | 1.18±0.12 | -0.02±0.10 | 1.22±0.13 | 0.19±0.16 | 1.27±0.11 | 0.16±0.16 |
| 12 wk | 1.44±0.12 | 0.21±0.10 | 1.18±0.09 | -0.05±0.07 | 0.89±0.13#[1] | -0.27±0.11∗[2] | 1.04±0.16# | -0.37±0.10∗∗[2] |
| Urine 8-OHdG (ng/mg creatinine) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 5.81±0.48 | 6.16±0.49 | 6.12±0.43 | 6.98±0.56 | ||||
| 6 wk | 5.31±0.45 | -0.08±0.05 | 5.63±0.47 | -0.05±0.05 | 5.82±0.44 | -0.03±0.04 | 6.55±0.55 | -0.07±0.04 |
| 12 wk | 5.61±0.47 | 0.05±0.07 | 5.91±0.49 | 0.07±0.08 | 5.74±0.42 | -0.01±0.05 | 4.25±0.53# | -0.36±0.08∗ |
| MDA (μmol/L) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 3.52±0.16 | 3.71±0.19 | 3.62±0.19 | 3.78±0.20 | ||||
| 6 wk | 3.57±0.20 | 0.14±0.10 | 3.61±0.23 | 0.15±0.13 | 3.21±0.21 | 0.18±0.22 | 3.37±0.21 | 0.09±0.14 |
| 12 wk | 3.41±0.17 | 0.10±0.11 | 3.62±0.23 | 0.11±0.10 | 3.20±0.20 | 0.08±0.14 | 2.92±0.18# | -0.20±0.05 |
| T-SOD (U/ml) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 162.80±3.61 | 166.52±3.80 | 166.56±3.35 | 162.68±4.30 | ||||
| 6 wk | 168.02±3.49 | 0.04±0.01 | 171.55±3.89 | 0.04±0.02 | 171.28±4.10 | 0.05±0.02 | 178.79±5.21# | 0.10±0.02∗ |
| 12 wk | 161.48±3.26 | -0.00±0.01 | 165.99±3.84 | 0.00±0.12 | 165.78±3.05 | -0.00±0.07 | 162.76±3.76 | 0.01±0.01 |
| UA (μmol/L) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 367.65±17.54 | 367.01±15.07 | 346.74±12.81 | 361.21±16.96 | ||||
| 6 wk | 349.80±15.44 | -0.01±0.04 | 347.21±19.27 | -0.05±0.03 | 328.73±16.96 | -0.04±0.03 | 339.73±18.38 | -0.05±0.04 |
| 12 wk | 392.70±17.22 | 0.11±0.04 | 392.97±20.53 | 0.05±0.03 | 354.62±14.53 | 0.07±0.04 | 370.43±16.90 | 0.06±0.02 |
1 Compared within the group from baseline to follow-up (Either Wilcoxon signed rank test or Students’ t test for paired data), #P<0.05.
2 Compared between the placebo group and anthocyanin groups (ANOVA for independent data), ∗P<0.05, ∗∗P<0.01.
Abbreviation: SEM, standard error of mean; MC, mean change; Antho, anthocyanin group; 8-iso-PGF2α, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α; 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine; MDA, malonaldehyde; T-SOD: total superoxide dismutase; UA, uric acid.
a
Mean ± SEM (all such values).
b
Calculated as (value after intervention-value before intervention) / value before intervention ×100%.