Table 1.
Socio-Demographic Characteristics, Associated Factors and Anemia Prevalence Among Human Immune Deficiency Virus-Infected Children
| Variable | Total, N (%) | Anemia | Chi Sq. | AOR(95% CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes, N (%) | No, N (%) | |||||
| Age in years | ||||||
| ≤7 | 53(19.4) | 11(20.7) | 42(79.3) | 0.2 | 3(1.2–7.5) | 0.02 |
| >7 | 220(80.6) | 20(9.1) | 200(90.9) | 1 | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 134(49.1) | 15(11.2) | 119(88.8) | |||
| Female | 139(50.9) | 16(11.5) | 123(88.5) | 0.94 | ||
| Residence | ||||||
| Urban | 49(17.9) | 10(20.4) | 39(79.6) | 1 | ||
| Rural | 224(82.1) | 21(9.4) | 203(90.6) | 0.027 | 2.6(1.0–6.6) | 0.04 |
| EDU. Status | ||||||
| NFE | 38(13.9) | 6(15.9) | 32(84.2) | |||
| Primary | 219(80.2) | 22(10.1) | 197(89.9) | 0.37 | ||
| Secondary | 16(5.9) | 3(18.8) | 13(81.2) | |||
| Family size | ||||||
| ≤3 | 46(16.8) | 8(17.4) | 38(82.6) | |||
| 4-7 | 192(70.3) | 21(10.9) | 171(89.1) | |||
| >7 | 35(12.8) | 2(5.7) | 33(94.3) | 0.25 | ||
| Caretaker EDU | ||||||
| No | 46(16.8) | 7(15.2) | 39(84.8) | |||
| Primary | 101(37) | 10(9.9) | 91(90.1) | 0.3 | ||
| Secondary | 89(32.6) | 7(7.9) | 82(92.1) | |||
| College | 37(13.6) | 7(18.9) | 30(81.1) | 0.66 | ||
| Primary caretaker | ||||||
| Mother or father | 212(77.7) | 24(11.3) | 188(88.7) | 0.97 | ||
| Other | 61(22.3) | 7(11.5) | 54(88.5) | |||
| Temperature(°C) | ||||||
| ≤37 | 261(95.6) | 27 | 234 | 0.037 | 2.6(0.6–11.1) | 0.2 |
| >37 | 12(4.4) | 4 | 8 | 1 | ||
| ART Drug | ||||||
| AZT/3TC/EFV | 244(90.3) | 28(11.5) | 216(88.5) | |||
| ABC/3TC/CALETR | 20(3.2) | 1(5) | 19(95) | |||
| TDF/3TC/CALETR | 9(6.5) | 0.39 | ||||
| Other Medication | ||||||
| No | 229(83.9) | 23(10.0) | 206(90.0) | 1 | ||
| Cotrimoxazole | 31(11.4) | 5(16.1) | 26(83.9) | 1.1(0.3–4.4) | 0.8 | |
| Other | 13(4.7) | 3(23.1) | 10(76.9) | 0.2 | 0.3(0.07–1.57) | 0.28 |
| CD4 count | ||||||
| ≤350 | 32(11.7) | 6(18.7) | 26(81.3) | <0.001 | ||
| >350 | 241(88.3) | 25(10.4) | 216(89.6) | |||
| Viral load | ||||||
| ≤150 | 57(20.1) | 14 | 43 | 1 | ||
| >150 | 216(79.1%) | 17 | 199 | 0.001 | 3.4(1.36–8.3) | 0.009 |
| WAZ | ||||||
| <-2 | 27(9.9) | 5(18.5) | 22(81.5) | |||
| ≥-2 | 246(90.1) | 26(10.6) | 220(89.4) | 0.18 | ||
| HAZ | ||||||
| <-2 | 105(38.5) | 11(10.5) | 94(89.5) | 0.85 | ||
| ≥-2 | 168(61.5) | 20(11.9) | 148(88.1) | |||
Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; ART, antiretroviral Therapy; CD, Cluster of Differentiation; EDU, Educational; HAZ, Height to Age ratio Z score; NFR, no formal education; WHO, World Health Organization; WAZ, Weight to Age Z score.