Table 1. Characteristics of Veterans Who Have Experienced Homelessness Stratified by Recent Overdose.
| Characteristic | No. (weighted %)a | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overdose (n = 379) | No overdose (n = 5315) | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 53.5 (19.3) | 56.6 (18.2) | |
| Menb | 345 (92.7) | 4755 (91.5) | .18 |
| Race | |||
| White | 204 (54.2) | 2141 (39.6) | <.001 |
| Black | 96 (23.2) | 2129 (39.3) | |
| Other | 79 (22.5) | 1045 (21.1) | |
| Hispanic ethnicityc | 53 (15.2) | 540 (11.3) | <.001 |
| Current homelessnessd | 77 (21.6) | 669 (13.9) | <.001 |
| Receiving medication for mental healthe | 212 (57.8) | 1735 (34.3) | <.001 |
| Psychological distress score, mean (SD)f,g | 11.1 (11.1) | 7.2 (10.3) | <.001 |
| High psychological distressf,h | 195 (57.0) | 1518 (32.7) | <.001 |
| Self-reported comorbidities, mean (SD), No.i | 1.8 (2.7) | 1.7 (2.3) | .70 |
| Low self-rated healthj | 300 (82.9) | 4225 (81.7) | .35 |
| Alcohol problemk | 211 (57.1) | 1406 (28.0) | <.001 |
| Drug problemk | 117 (34.3) | 658 (13.7) | <.001 |
| Severe chronic pain | 158 (41.1) | 2003 (37.1) | .01 |
| Social support score, mean (SD)l | 3.8 (3.4) | 4.3 (3.1) | <.001 |
| Witnessed overdosem | 140 (38.5) | 728 (14.4) | <.001 |
| Received H-PACT primary care | 245 (68.5) | 3106 (62.6) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: H-PACT, Homeless Patient Aligned Care Team.
Percentages are weighted for propensity to respond to the survey.
Missing data for 91 individuals.
Missing data for 128 individuals.
Missing data for 178 individuals.
Missing data for 71 individuals.
Missing data for 432 individuals.
Psychological distress score is based on Colorado Mental Health Symptoms Index as modified and validated for homeless populations (range, 0-24, with higher scores indicating more psychological distress).
Defined as psyschological distress score greater than 10.
Includes diabetes, hypertension or high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease or stroke, asthma, emphysema, and arthritis. Missing data for 66 individuals.
Missing data for 214 individuals.
Missing data for 68 individuals.
Calculated by combining 4 items from the National Institutes of Health Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Set emotional support scale (range, 0-6, with higher score indicating more support). Missing data for 324 individuals.
Missing data for 20 individuals.