Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to severity of trauma and survival status
| ISS ≤15 (n = 101 658) | ISS > 15 (n = 52 818) | Alive at discharge (n = 142 594) | Died in hospital (n = 11 882) | Total (n = 154 476) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | |||||
| Age (years)* | 68 (50–84) | 61 (39–81) | 64 (46–82) | 81 (62–88) | 66 (47–83) |
| Male | 48 511 (47·7) | 34 468 (65·3) | 76 272 (53·5) | 6707 (56·4) | 82 979 (53·7) |
| ISS* | 9 (5–9) | 25 (17–27) | 9 (9–17) | 25 (10–26) | 9 (9–17) |
| GCS score in emergency department* | 15 (15–15) | 15 (12–15) | 15 (15–15) | 13 (4–15) | 15 (15–15) |
| GCS score < 9† | 944 (0·9) | 8516 (16·3) | 5087 (3·6) | 4373 (37·5) | 9460 (6·2) |
| Penetrating injury | 2867 (2·8) | 1392 (2·6) | 3970 (2·8) | 289 (2·4) | 4259 (2·8) |
| Intubated in emergency department | 2030 (2·0) | 12 357 (23·4) | 9819 (6·9) | 4568 (38·4) | 14 387 (9·3) |
| Shock (systolic BP < 90 mmHg) in emergency department | 17 246 (17·0) | 12 445 (23·6) | 26 189 (18·4) | 3502 (29·5) | 29 691 (19·2) |
| Prehospital measurements | |||||
| Systolic BP (mmHg)* | 139 (122–158) | 136 (118–157) | 138 (121–157) | 139 (113–163) | 138 (121–158) |
| Respiratory rate (per min)* | 18 (16–20) | 18 (16–22) | 18 (16–20) | 18 (16–22) | 18 (16–20) |
| Pulse (per min)* | 83 (72–96) | 84 (71–100) | 84 (72–97) | 82 (68–100) | 84 (72–97) |
| Oxygen saturation (%)* | 97 (95–98) | 97 (94–98) | 97 (95–99) | 95 (91–98) | 97 (95–98) |
| No. of serious injuries | |||||
| 0 | 961 (0·9) | 0 (0) | 914 (0·6) | 47 (0·4) | 961 (0·6) |
| 1 | 70 989 (69·8) | 12 076 (22·9) | 78 587 (55·1) | 4478 (37·7) | 83 065 (53·8) |
| ≥ 2 | 29 708 (29·2) | 40 742 (77·1) | 63 093 (44·2) | 7357 (61·9) | 70 450 (45·6) |
| Outcomes | |||||
| Duration of hospital stay (days)* | 10 (5–18) | 9 (4–20) | 10 (5–19) | 4 (1–10) | 9 (5–19) |
| Duration of critical care stay (days)* | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–0) |
| Primary referral to MTC | 33 349 (32·8) | 27 220 (51·5) | 55 298 (38·8) | 5271 (44·4) | 60 569 (39·2) |
| In‐hospital mortality | 3711 (3·7) | 8171 (15·5) | – | – | 11 882 (7·7) |
Values in parentheses are percentages unless indicated otherwise;
*
values are median (i.q.r.).
†
Missing values. ISS, Injury Severity Score; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; MTC, major trauma centre.