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. 2019 Oct 3;75(3):648–659. doi: 10.1111/all.14036

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Alum alters the metabolic reprogramming induced by PM in human DCs from healthy donors. A, Lactate content in cell‐free supernatants from PM‐ or PM and alum‐stimulated hmoDCs after 18 h relative to the unstimulated (Ctrl ‐) condition (n = 6). B, Quantification of the induced Warburg effect relative to the unstimulated (Ctrl ‐) condition (n = 6). C, Glucose consumption by stimulated DCs and (D) calculated metabolic rate (n = 6). E, Fluorescence intensity of stimulated hmoDCs stained with MitoTracker Red (n = 5). F, Cellular redox status analysed based on the determination of NAD+, NADH and total NAD levels (NADt) (n = 5). G, NAD+/NADH ratios. H, Western blot analysis of protein extracts from hmoDCs stimulated for 30 min in the indicated conditions, and one representative example out of 4 is shown. I, Quantification of the reactive phosphorylated bands by scanning densitometry (mean ± SEM of n = 4 independent experiments). J, Intracellular ROS quantification in hmoDCs after 18 h of stimulation with PM or PM and alum (n = 6). Paired Student t test: *P < .05, **P < .01 and ***P < .001