Table 2.

Regression coefficients (95% CI) of ageing biomarkers according to standardised scores on attitudes to ageing scales at age 72 years

Attitudes to ageing scales, per SD	Leucocyte telomere length* (n=758)	Accelerated DNA methylation GrimAge† (n=715)	Brain-predicted age difference (n=622)
Physical change
Adjusted for age and sex	−0.003 (−0.009 to 0.003) p=0.272; pFDR=0.637	−0.725 (−1.03 to –0.418) p<0.001; pFDR=0.001	−0.871 (−1.513 to –0.229) p=0.008; pFDR=0.062
Adjusted for age, sex, education and social class	−0.003 (−0.009 to 0.003) p=0.287; pFDR=0.637	−0.689 (−1.00 to –0.380) p<0.001; pFDR=0.001	−0.894 (−1.538 to –0.225) p=0.007; pFDR=0.062
Adjusted for age, sex, smoking and alcohol	−0.004 (−0.009 to 0.002) p=0.220; pFDR=0.625	−0.467 (−0.721 to –0.211) p<0.001; pFDR=0.001	−0.804 (−1.45 to –0.159) p=0.015; pFDR=0.101
Adjusted for age, sex, chronic disease and walking speed	−0.003 (−0.009 to 0.003) p=0.387; pFDR=0.756	−0.520 (−0.842 to –0.197) p=0.002; pFDR=0.021	−0.657 (−1.323 to –0.010) p=0.054; pFDR=0.224
Adjusted for age, sex, anxiety and depression symptoms	−0.004 (−0.001 to 0.003) p=0.255; pFDR=0.637	−0.703 (−1.03 to –0.373) p<0.001; pFDR=0.001	−0.672 (−1.346 to 0.001) p=0.050; pFDR=0.224
Multivariable-adjusted‡	−0.004 (−0.010 to 0.003) p=0.287; pFDR=0.637	−0.289 (−0.568 to –0.010) p=0.042; pFDR=0.206	−0.456 (−1.15 to 0.240) p=0.199; pFDR=0.625
Psychosocial loss
Adjusted for age and sex	0.001 (−0.005 to 0.006) p=0.838; pFDR=0.935	0.370 (0.055 to 0.684) p=0.021; pFDR=0.126	0.127 (−0.514 to 0.768) p=0.697; pFDR=0.867
Adjusted for age, sex, education and social class	0.001 (−0.005 to 0.006) p=0.862; pFDR=0.935	0.335 (0.021 to 0.648) p=0.036; pFDR=0.194	0.156 (−0.488 to 0.801) p=0.634; pFDR=0.867
Adjusted for age, sex, smoking and alcohol	0.001 (−0.005 to 0.006) p=0.775; pFDR=0.930	0.098 (−0.162 to 0.358) p=0.460; pFDR=0.803	0.059 (−0.588 to 0.705) p=0.858; pFDR=0.934
Adjusted for age, sex, chronic disease and walking speed	0.001 (−0.006 to 0.006) p=0.937; pFDR=0.955	0.215 (−0.101 to 0.531) p=0.181; pFDR=0.611	−0.055 (−0.703 to 0.593) p=0.869; pFDR=0.935
Adjusted for age, sex, anxiety and depression symptoms	0.001 (−0,007 to 0.007) p=0.883; pFDR=0.935	0.325 (−0.039 to 0.689) p=0.080; pFDR=0.309	−0.260 (−0.984 to 0.465) p=0.482; pFDR=0.803
Multivariable-adjusted‡	0.001 (−0.006 to 0.007) p=0.876; pFDR=0.935	−0.010 (−0.308 to 0.282) p=0.931; pFDR=0.955	−0.389 (−1.119 to 0.340 p=0.295; pFDR=0.637
Psychological growth
Adjusted for age and sex	−0.001 (−0.007 to 0.004) p=0.642; pFDR=0.868	−0.072 (−0.385 to 0.240) p=0.707; pFDR=0.867	−0.439 (−1.13 to 0.250) p=0.212; pFDR=0.625
Adjusted for age, sex, education and social class	−0.002 (−0.007 to 0.004) p=0.602; pFDR=0.868	−0.129 (−0.441 to 0.182) p=0.417; pFDR=0.776	−0.421 (−1.11 to 0.272) p=0.234; pFDR=0.632
Adjusted for age, sex, smoking and alcohol	−0.002 (−0.008 to 0.004) p=0.491; pFDR=0.803	0.113 (−0.146 to 0.371) p=0.392; pFDR=0.756	−0.352 (−1.05 to 0.343) p=0.320; pFDR=0.665
Adjusted for age, sex, chronic disease and walking speed	−0.001 (−0.007 to 0.004) p=0.678; pFDR=0.868	−0.069 (−0.376 to 0.239) p=0.662; pFDR=0.868	−0.473 (−1.16 to 0.213) p=0.176; pFDR=0.610
Adjusted for age, sex, anxiety and depression symptoms	−0.001 (−0.007 to 0.004) p=0.646; pFDR=0.868	0.003 (−0.317 to 0.323) p=0.986; pFDR=0.986	−0.219 (-0.925, 0.487) p=0.543; pFDR=0.837
Multivariable-adjusted‡	−0.002 (−0.008 to 0.004) p=0.490; pFDR=0.803	−0.075 (−0.188 to 0.338) p=0.575; pFDR=0.827	−0.191 (-0.906 to 0.525) p=0.601; pFDR=0.868

*All analyses of leucocyte telomere length were also adjusted for white blood cell counts.

†All analyses of accelerated DNA methylation GrimAge were adjusted for white blood cell counts.

‡Adjusted for age, sex, educational attainment, social class, total number of chronic diseases, smoking status, frequency of alcohol consumption, time taken to walk 6 metres, HADS anxiety score, HADS depression score.

§p^FDR is the p value corrected for multiple comparisons using the False Discovery Rate.

HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.