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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Microbiol. 2019 Jul 6;27(10):864–877. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.06.004

Figure 4. Stewardship Challenges in Antimicrobial Dosing.

Figure 4.

(A) Likelihood of resistance emergence in a given species is maximized at intermediate drug concentrations [101]. Note that these curves can have different shapes if, for example, more than one resistance mechanism can arise. During antimicrobial treatment, different drug concentrations occur at different anatomical sites. Therefore, optimizing dosing to reduce the likelihood of resistance emergence across different sites may not be possible. (B) When multiple species co-occur at an anatomical site (colors), the same drug concentration may have different impacts on resistance emergence in each species. Therefore, it may be challenging to choose a dose that minimizes the likelihood of resistance emergence in all species.